ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2014
Stability of smoking status in the US population: a longitudinal investigation.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Sex Differences in Tobacco Use Among Persons Living With HIV/AIDS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Varenicline Efficacy for Smoking Cessation: A Meta-Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Pooled it
- Systematic and meta-analytic review of research examining the impact of menstrual cycle phase and ovarian hormones on smoking and cessation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2015Pooled it
- Sex-Specific Mediation of Pre-Quit Smoking Reduction: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial Extending Varenicline Preloading.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Evaluating mediators of the effect of varenicline preloading on smoking abstinence in a randomized controlled trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Trial
- The influence of gender and oxytocin on stress reactivity, cigarette craving, and smoking in a randomized, placebo-controlled laboratory relapse paradigm.Psychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Exogenous progesterone for smoking cessation in men and women: a pilot double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Trial
- Lifestyle and Metabolic Health, Low-Grade to Clinically Elevated Albuminuria, and Cardiovascular-Renal Diseases.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- The association between adult-life smoking and age-related cognitive decline in Danish men.PloS one · 2025Article
- The role of sex hormones in targeting stress-induced tobacco craving, stress-reactivity, and smoking with guanfacine among women who smoke.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- Changes in Smoking Behavior Before and After Gastric Bypass: A 7-year Study.Annals of surgery · 2022Observational
- Urinary cadmium and stroke - a case-cohort study in Danish never-smokers.Environmental research · 2021Article
- Sex Differences in the Ventral Tegmental Area and Nucleus Accumbens Proteome at Baseline and Following Nicotine Exposure.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2021Article
- Variability in nicotine conditioned place preference and stress-induced reinstatement in mice: Effects of sex, initial chamber preference, and guanfacine.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2020Article
- Is Healthy Neuroticism Associated with Health Behaviors? A Coordinated Integrative Data Analysis.Collabra. Psychology · 2020Article
- Intersection of E-Cigarette Use and Gender on Transitions in Cigarette Smoking Status: Findings Across Waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
- Economic demand analysis of within-session dose-reduction during nicotine self-administration.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Article
- Association of exercise with smoking-related symptomatology, smoking behavior and impulsivity in men and women.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Article
- One-Year Smoking Trajectories Among Established Adult Smokers With Low Baseline Motivation to Quit.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Article
- Longitudinal Associations of Local Cigarette Prices and Smoking Bans with Smoking Behavior in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo determine smoking transitions in a representative sample of US adults.
designLongitudinal study using data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (wave 1, 2001-02; wave 2, 2004-05).
settingThe general US adult population.
participantsA total of 33 309 adults (53.6% female) classified as wave 1 current daily, current non-daily, former daily, former non-daily or never smokers. MEASUREMENTS: Smoking transitions were determined from waves 1 and 2 data.
findingsSmoking status remained stable for the majority of current daily (79.8%), former daily (95.8%), former non-daily (96.3%) and never (97.1%) smokers. Among current non-daily smokers, 54.5% quit smoking while 22.5% increased to daily smoking. Current daily smokers who were older [30-44, odds ratio (OR) = 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49-0.78; 45+, OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.61-0.93] and unmarried (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66-0.96) were less likely to report smoking cessation. Current daily smokers who were Hispanic (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.65-2.81) and college educated (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.05-1.53) were more likely to report smoking cessation. Relapse in former daily smokers was greater in women (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.01-2.06) and lower in older adults (OR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.27-0.74). Smoking initiation occurred less in women (OR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.49-0.87) and Hispanic adults (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.36-0.91) and more in unmarried adults (OR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.37-2.47) and adults with less education (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.09-2.44).
conclusionsFrom 2001 to 2005, smoking status was extremely stable in the US population. Specific gender, race and educational groups need increased prevention and intervention efforts.
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