ArticlePloS one2014
The economic burden of self-reported and undiagnosed cardiovascular diseases and diabetes on Indonesian households.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond medication: factors contributing to uncontrolled hypertension from the 2023 Indonesian health survey.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Setting priorities for healthcare interventions in Indonesia: a comprehensive conceptual framework.International journal for equity in health · 2025Review
- Towards integrated cardiovascular and mental health management in primary health care in Indonesia: a policy outlook.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Review
- Body mass index as a dominant risk factor for metabolic syndrome among indonesian adults: a 6-year prospective cohort study of non-communicable diseases.BMC nutrition · 2024Article
- Health outcomes and healthcare utilization associated with four undiagnosed chronic conditions: evidence from nationally representative survey data in Sri Lanka.BMC global and public health · 2024Article
- Sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors associated with low awareness of diabetes mellitus medication in Indonesia: Findings from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS-5).Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Modifiable and Non-modifiable Factors Associated with Low Awareness of Hypertension Treatment in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based National Survey.Global heart · 2022Article
- Stroke Burden and Stroke Services in Indonesia.Cerebrovascular diseases extra · 2022Article
- Towards a Parsimonious Pathway Model of Modifiable and Mediating Risk Factors Leading to Diabetes Risk.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The Social Value of Implementing the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding in an Indonesian Hospital: A Case Study.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2021Article
- Effect of multimorbidity on utilisation and out-of-pocket expenditure in Indonesia: quantile regression analysis.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Article
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Treatment in Patients with Complications of Kidney and Peripheral Vascular Diseases in Indonesia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- A global perspective on the costs of hypertension: a systematic review.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2020Review
- What Contributes to the Regularity of Patients with Hypertension or Diabetes Seeking Health Services? A Pilot Follow-Up, Observational Study in Two Sites in Hubei Province, China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Observational
- Article
- Multimorbidity prevalence and pattern in Indonesian adults: an exploratory study using national survey data.BMJ open · 2015Article
- Out-of-pocket expenditure on chronic non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of rural Malawi.PloS one · 2015Article
- Differences in various biochemical and clinical parameters with respect to family history of Non Communicable Diseases in fourth year MBBS students of Karachi, Pakistan.Pakistan journal of medical sciencesArticle
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe goal of this study is: (1) to estimate the current direct out-of-pocket (OOP) and indirect non-communicable diseases (NCD) burden on Indonesian households and (2) to project NCD prevalence and burden in 2020 focusing specifically on hypertension, diabetes, heart problems and stroke.
methodsThis study relies on econometric analyses based on four waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS).
resultsIn aggregate, of the NCDs studied, heart problems exert the greatest economic burden on households, costing Int$1.56 billion in OOP and indirect burden in 2010. This was followed by hypertension (Int$1.36 billion), diabetes (Int$0.81 billion) and stroke (Int$0.29 billion). The OOP and indirect burden of these conditions is estimated to be Int$4.02 billion. Diabetes and stroke are expected to have the largest proportional increases in burden by 2020; 56.0% for diabetes and 56.9% for stroke to total Int$1.27 billion and Int$0.45 billion respectively. The burden of heart problems in 2020 is expected to increase by 34.4% to total Int$2.09 billion and hypertension burden will increase by 46.1% to Int$1.99 billion. In 2020, these conditions are expected to impose an economic burden of Int$5.80 billion.
conclusionIn conclusion, this study demonstrates the significant burden of 4 primary NCDs on Indonesian households. In addition to the indirect burden, hypertension, diabetes, heart problems and stroke account for 8% of the nation's OOP healthcare expenditure, and due to rising disease prevalence and an aging population, this figure is expected to increase to 12% by 2020 without a significant health intervention.
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