ArticleHypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)2014
Healthy lifestyle factors and risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in treatment-resistant hypertension: the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study.
Article in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Investigation and management of resistant hypertension: British and Irish Hypertension Society position statement.Journal of human hypertension · 2025Guideline
- Adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Nutrition journal · 2020Pooled it
- Resistant Hypertension: Detection, Evaluation, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2018Guideline
- Effects of Lipid-Lowering and Antihypertensive Treatments in Addition to Healthy Lifestyles in Primary Prevention: An Analysis of the HOPE-3 Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2018 · on this mapTrial
- Spironolactone is superior to hydrochlorothiazide for blood pressure control and arterial stiffness improvement: A prospective study.Medicine · 2018Trial
- Phosphate homeostasis and apparent treatment-resistant hypertension in chronic kidney disease: the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Ultrasound Renal Denervation for Resistant Hypertension in Belgium, France and The Netherlands.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2025Article
- Association Between Life's Essential 8 and Cardiovascular, Cancer, and Other Cause Mortality: The REGARDS Study.JACC. Advances · 2025Article
- Cost Effectiveness of Endovascular Ultrasound Renal Denervation in Patients with Resistant Hypertension.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2024Article
- Lifestyle Medicine as a Treatment for Resistant Hypertension.Current hypertension reports · 2023Review
- Characterization of Individuals With Apparent Resistant Hypertension Using Contemporary Guidelines: Insights From CV-QUIC.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2023Article
- Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension associated lifetime cardiovascular risk in a longitudinal national registry.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2023Article
- Adverse cardiac remodeling is absent in patients with true controlled resistant hypertension.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2023Article
- Bibliometric analysis of stroke and quality of life.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Lifestyle Behaviors According to the Duration of Hypertension: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2018.Journal of Korean medical science · 2022Article
- Unraveling the Role of Objective Food Environment in Chinese Elderly's Diet-Related Diseases Epidemic: Considering Both Healthy Food Accessibility and Diversity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Blood pressure control in hypertensive patients attending a rural community health centre in Gauteng Province, South Africa: A cross-sectional study.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2022Article
- The Burden of Resistant Hypertension Across the World.Current hypertension reports · 2022Review
- Validation of a Novel Renal Denervation System With Cryoablation: A Preclinical Study and Case Series.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2022Article
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Abstract
Few data exist on whether healthy lifestyle factors are associated with better prognosis among individuals with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension, a high-risk phenotype of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of healthy lifestyle factors with cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension. We studied participants (n=2043) from the population-based Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg despite the use of 3 antihypertensive medication classes or the use of ≥4 classes of antihypertensive medication regardless of blood pressure control). Six healthy lifestyle factors adapted from guidelines for the management of hypertension (normal waist circumference, physical activity ≥4 times/week, nonsmoking, moderate alcohol consumption, high Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet score, and low sodium-to-potassium intake ratio) were examined. A greater number of healthy lifestyle factors were associated with lower risk for cardiovascular events (n=360) during a mean follow-up of 4.5 years. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios [HR (95% confidence interval)] for cardiovascular events comparing individuals with 2, 3, and 4 to 6 versus 0 to 1 healthy lifestyle factors were 0.91 (0.68-1.21), 0.80 (0.57-1.14), and 0.63 (0.41-0.95), respectively (P-trend=0.020). Physical activity and nonsmoking were individual healthy lifestyle factors significantly associated with lower risk for cardiovascular events. Similar associations were observed between healthy lifestyle factors and risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. In conclusion, healthy lifestyle factors, particularly physical activity and nonsmoking, are associated with a lower risk for cardiovascular events and mortality among individuals with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension.
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