ArticleHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2014
Immune tolerance in liver disease.
Article in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
154 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 263 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cure of chronic hepatitis C virus infection after DAA treatment only partially restores the functional capacity of exhausted T cell subsets: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Oral diseases after liver transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.British dental journal · 2021Pooled it
- HIV-Positive Liver Transplant Does not Alter the Latent Viral Reservoir in Recipients With Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- Five-year histological and serological follow-up of operationally tolerant pediatric liver transplant recipients enrolled in WISP-R.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2017Trial
- TIGITCancers · 2026Article
- CD49a expression defines a metabolically robust, cytokine-biased liver NK cell subset in rhesus macaques during lentivirus infection.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Article
- Efficacious suppression of primary and metastasized liver tumors by polyIC-loaded lipid nanoparticles.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2026Article
- Immune cells in liver transplantation: Dual roles, mechanistic insights, and targeted therapeutic strategies.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- The gut-liver axis in drug-induced liver injury (DILI): Interplay between gut microbiota, intestinal barrier, and immune system.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Autoimmune Hepatitis Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Adults: A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- An interpretable machine-learning model for post-admission reassessment of bloodstream infection risk in ICU patients with pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Effect of intratumoral alpha radiation on tumor growth delay and tumor microenvironment in an orthotopic colorectal liver metastasis murine model.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Molecular and mechanistic insights into the gut-liver axis inInfection and immunity · 2026Review
- Overcoming MDSC-Mediated Immunosuppression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Mechanisms to Novel Immunotherapeutic Approaches.Cancers · 2026Review
- Liver Transplantation Following Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: What Do We Need to Know from Clinical and Immunological Perspective?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Liver metastases dampen IL18-driven γδ T cell activity and immunotherapy responsiveness in colorectal cancer.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle approaches for hepatitis therapy and clinical translation.Discover nano · 2026Review
- The double-positive cells in the tumor microenvironment.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2026Article
- Neonatal liver niches program T cell tolerance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and immune checkpoint inhibitor response in gastrointestinal liver metastases: current evidence and future directions.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledLiver tolerance is manifest as a bias toward immune unresponsiveness, both in the context of a major histocompatibility complex-mismatched liver transplant and in the context of liver infection. Two broad classes of mechanisms account for liver tolerance. The presentation of antigens by different liver cell types results in incomplete activation of CD8(+) T cells, usually leading to initial proliferation followed by either clonal exhaustion or premature death of the T cell. Many liver infections result in relatively poor CD4(+) T-cell activation, which may be because liver antigen-presenting cells express a variety of inhibitory cytokines and coinhibitor ligands. Poor CD4(+) T-cell activation by liver antigens likely contributes to abortive activation, exhaustion, and early death of CD8(+) T cells. In addition, a network of active immunosuppressive pathways in the liver is mediated mostly by myeloid cells. Kupffer cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and liver dendritic cells both promote activation of regulatory T cells and suppress CD8(+) and CD4(+) effector T cells. This suppressive network responds to diverse inputs, including signals from hepatocytes, sinusoidal endothelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells.
conclusionThough liver tolerance may be exploited by pathogens, it serves a valuable purpose. Hepatitis A and B infections occasionally elicit a powerful immune response sufficient to cause fatal massive liver necrosis. More commonly, the mechanisms of liver tolerance limit the magnitude of intrahepatic immune responses, allowing the liver to recover. The cost of this adaptive mechanism may be incomplete pathogen eradication, leading to chronic infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.