ReviewJournal of endocrinological investigation2014
Extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves' disease: a 2014 update.
Review in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 134 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
134 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 276 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunomodulators in Graves' ophthalmopathy: a systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Change in newly diagnosed Graves' disease phenotype between the twentieth and the twenty-first centuries: meta-analysis and meta-regression.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2021Pooled it
- Systemic safety analysis of mycophenolate in Graves' orbitopathy.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2020Pooled it
- Relation between therapy options for Graves' disease and the course of Graves' ophthalmopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2016Pooled it
- Genetic associations of the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor gene with Graves diseases and Graves ophthalmopathy: A meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2016Pooled it
- Machine learning-based model for identifying liver injury in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- A Case of Thyroid Dermopathy.Cureus · 2026Article
- Lithium carbonate pretreatment normalizes rapid iodine turnover in Graves' disease patients with an advanced radioiodine peak: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Modulation of gut microbiota in Graves' orbitopathy: Prevotella dominance and atorvastatin's impact.Microbiome · 2025Article
- Interleukin-27 is a multitarget regulator of fibroblast remodeling in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.iScience · 2025Article
- Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Thyroid Cancer: Oncogenesis, Progression, and Therapeutic Implications.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Exploration of the relationship between Graves' eye disease and type 2 diabetes based on biomarkers.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2025Article
- Process to radioactive iodine treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism: condemned or absolved?Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
- Extending the Graves' Triad: Thyroid Eye Disease, Dermopathy, and Acropachy: A Clinical Response to Teprotumumab.JCEM case reports · 2025Article
- A critical appraisal of "efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin as a non-surgical option for upper eyelid retraction in active thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy".International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin as a non-surgical option for upper eyelid retraction in active thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a prospective interventional study.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- A short review of current knowledge regarding long-term treatment of Graves' disease with antithyroid drugs.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2025Review
- Graves ophthalmopathy a neglected comorbidity of graves' disease; a detailed investigation and management of sixty-eight patients in a tertiary healthcare center.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Observational
- Article
74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionGraves' orbitopathy (GO), thyroid dermopathy (also called pretibial myxedema) and acropachy are the extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves' disease. They occur in 25, 1.5, and 0.3 % of Graves' patients, respectively. Thus, GO is the main and most common extrathyroidal manifestation. Dermopathy is usually present if the patient is also affected with GO. The very rare acropachy occurs only in patients who also have dermopathy. GO and dermopathy have an autoimmune origin and are probably triggered by autoimmunity to the TSH receptor and, likely, the IGF-1 receptor. Both GO and dermopathy may be mild to severe. MANAGEMENT: Mild GO usually does not require any treatment except for local measures and preventive actions (especially refraining from smoking). Currently, moderate-to-severe and active GO is best treated by systemic glucocorticoids, but response to treatment is not optimal in many instances, and retreatments and use of other modalities (glucocorticoids, orbital radiotherapy, cyclosporine) and, in the end, rehabilitative surgery are often needed. Dermopathy is usually managed by local glucocorticoid treatment. No specific treatment is available for acropachy. PERSPECTIVES: Novel treatments are presently being investigated for GO, and particular attention is paid to the use of rituximab. It is unknown whether novel treatments for GO might be useful for the other extrathyroidal manifestations. Future novel therapies shown to be beneficial for GO in randomized studies may be empirically used for dermopathy and acropachy.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.