Trial reportBMC nephrology2014
Cardiovascular disease relates to intestinal uptake of p-cresol in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Trial report in BMC nephrology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00441623 (A Single Centre Observational Cohort Study on the Prognostic Relevance of P-cresol and Related Uremic Retention Solutes in the Development and/or Progression of Renal Failure and Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 39 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Single Centre Observational Cohort Study on the Prognostic Relevance of P-cresol and Related Uremic Retention Solutes in the Development and/or Progression of Renal Failure and Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Animal Models for Studying Protein-Bound Uremic Toxin Removal-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- The gut microbiota profile of adults with kidney disease and kidney stones: a systematic review of the literature.BMC nephrology · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A Symbiotic Meal Containing Extruded Sorghum and Probiotic (Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Shen-Shuai-Ning granule decreased serum concentrations of indoxyl sulphate in uremic patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.Bioscience reports · 2018Trial
- The Influence of Dietary Protein Intake on Mammalian Tryptophan and Phenolic Metabolites.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome through the lens of gut‑derived uremic toxins.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gut Dysbiosis, Uremic Toxins, and NLRP3 Signaling in Chronic Kidney Disease: From Mechanistic Evidence to Clinical Biomarker Evaluation.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Enzymatic Basis for the Oxidative Branch of Aromatic Amino Acid Fermentation Leading to p-cresol Formation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Uremic toxin p‑cresyl sulfate enhances the calcification of aortic valvular interstitial cells via klotho/sirtuin‑1 signaling.Molecular medicine reports · 2026Article
- Metabolomic Discoveries for Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficacy in Alzheimer's Disease.BioMed research international · 2026Review
- Clinical Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Relationships of Pharmacological Strategies for Attenuating p-Cresyl Sulfate in Patients with Kidney Disease.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Article
- Gut alterations in a chronic kidney disease rat model with diet-induced vascular calcification.FEBS open bio · 2025Article
- Protein-bound uremic toxin clearance as biomarker of kidney tubular function in diabetic kidney disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- High-Diversity Plant-Based Diet and Gut Microbiome, Plasma Metabolome, and Symptoms in Adults with CKD.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2025Article
- Host-microbiome orchestration of the sulfated metabolome.Nature chemical biology · 2024Review
- Article
- The Potential Influence of Uremic Toxins on the Homeostasis of Bones and Muscles in Chronic Kidney Disease.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Effects of the L-tyrosine-derived bacterial metabolite p-cresol on colonic and peripheral cells.Amino acids · 2022Review
- Microbiome and metabolome features of the cardiometabolic disease spectrum.Nature medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSerum p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) associates with cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. PCS concentrations are determined by intestinal uptake of p-cresol, human metabolism to PCS and renal clearance. Whether intestinal uptake of p-cresol itself is directly associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with renal dysfunction has not been studied to date.
methodsWe performed a prospective study in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 1 - 5 (NCT00441623). Intestinal uptake of p-cresol, under steady state conditions, was estimated from 24 h urinary excretion of PCS. Primary endpoint was time to first cardiovascular event, i.e., cardiac death, myocardial infarction/ischemia, ventricular arrhythmia, cardiovascular surgery, ischemic stroke or symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. Statistical analysis was done using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazard analyses.
resultsIn a cohort of 200 patients, median 24 h urinary excretion of PCS amounted to 457.47 μmol (IQR 252.68 - 697.17). After a median follow-up of 52 months, 25 patients reached the primary endpoint (tertile 1/2/3: 5/6/14 events, log rank P 0.037). Higher urinary excretion of PCS was directly associated with cardiovascular events (univariate hazard ratio per 100 μmol increase: 1.112, P 0.002). In multivariate analysis, urinary excretion of PCS remained a predictor of cardiovascular events, independent of eGFR (hazard ratio 1.120, P 0.002).
conclusionsIn patients with chronic kidney disease, intestinal uptake of p-cresol associates with cardiovascular disease independent of renal function. The intestinal generation and absorption of p-cresol may be therapeutic targets to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in patients with renal dysfunction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.