ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014
Investigation of triterpene synthesis and regulation in oats reveals a role for β-amyrin in determining root epidermal cell patterning.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biosynthesis and functions of triterpenoids in cereals.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- Roles of three cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in triterpene biosynthesis and their potential impact on growth and development.Plant physiology · 2024Article
- OXIDOSQUALENE CYCLASE 1 and 2 influence triterpene biosynthesis and defense in Nicotiana attenuata.Plant physiology · 2024Article
- A redundant transcription factor network steers spatiotemporal Arabidopsis triterpene synthesis.Nature plants · 2023Article
- Heterologous expression of Chlorophytum borivilianum Squalene epoxidase in tobacco modulates stigmasterol production and alters vegetative and reproductive growth.Plant cell reports · 2023Article
- Methyl Jasmonate- and Salicylic Acid-Induced Transcription FactorInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Genome-wide identification and systematic analysis of the HD-Zip gene family and its roles in response to pH in Panax ginseng Meyer.BMC plant biology · 2023Article
- Into a dilemma of plants: the antagonism between chemical defenses and growth.Plant molecular biology · 2022Review
- An Overview of Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy Techniques for Plant Imaging.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Selection for seed size has uneven effects on specialized metabolite abundance in oat (Avena sativa L.).G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Article
- Multi-Omics-Based Discovery of Plant Signaling Molecules.Metabolites · 2022Review
- The emerging role of biosynthetic gene clusters in plant defense and plant interactions.PLoS pathogens · 2021Review
- Metabolic profiling for dissection of late leaf spot disease resistance mechanism in groundnut.Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology · 2021Article
- Dynamic Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses ofFrontiers in plant science · 2021Article
- Overexpression of Terpenoid Biosynthesis Genes From Garden Sage (Frontiers in plant science · 2021Article
- Plant Secondary Metabolites as Defenses, Regulators, and Primary Metabolites: The Blurred Functional Trichotomy.Plant physiology · 2020Review
- Doing the gene shuffle to close synteny: dynamic assembly of biosynthetic gene clusters.The New phytologist · 2020Article
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- Plant terpenes that mediate below-ground interactions: prospects for bioengineering terpenoids for plant protection.Pest management science · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Sterols have important functions in membranes and signaling. Plant sterols are synthesized via the isoprenoid pathway by cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene to cycloartenol. Plants also convert 2,3-oxidosqualene to other sterol-like cyclization products, including the simple triterpene β-amyrin. The function of β-amyrin per se is unknown, but this molecule can serve as an intermediate in the synthesis of more complex triterpene glycosides associated with plant defense. β-Amyrin is present at low levels in the roots of diploid oat (Avena strigosa). Oat roots also synthesize the β-amyrin-derived triterpene glycoside avenacin A-1, which provides protection against soil-borne diseases. The genes for the early steps in avenacin A-1 synthesis [saponin-deficient 1 and 2 (Sad1 and Sad2)] have been recruited from the sterol pathway by gene duplication and neofunctionalization. Here we show that Sad1 and Sad2 are regulated by an ancient root developmental process that is conserved across diverse species. Sad1 promoter activity is dependent on an L1 box motif, implicating sterol/lipid-binding class IV homeodomain leucine zipper transcription factors as potential regulators. The metabolism of β-amyrin is blocked in sad2 mutants, which therefore accumulate abnormally high levels of this triterpene. The accumulation of elevated levels of β-amyrin in these mutants triggers a "superhairy" root phenotype. Importantly, this effect is manifested very early in the establishment of the root epidermis, causing a greater proportion of epidermal cells to be specified as root hair cells rather than nonhair cells. Together these findings suggest that simple triterpenes may have widespread and as yet largely unrecognized functions in plant growth and development.
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