ArticleCurrent eye research2015
Nicotine accelerates diabetes-induced retinal changes.
Article in Current eye research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- A comprehensive review: role of smokeless tobacco consumption as a risk factor for diabetes mellitus.Acta diabetologica · 2025Review
- Diabetic Macular Edema in the Western Part of Romania: Screening to Improve Patient Outcomes.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Tobacco smoking is an independent factor associated with retinal damage in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional and retrospective study.Rheumatology international · 2020Article
- The Preventive Effect of Oxytocin on Retinopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic RatsTurkish journal of ophthalmology · 2019Article
- Cardiovascular, carcinogenic and reproductive effects of nicotine exposure: A narrative review of the scientific literature.F1000Research · 2019Review
- Lower urinary cotinine level is associated with a trend toward more myopic refractive errors in Korean adolescents.Eye (London, England) · 2017Article
- Article
- Diabetic retinopathy - ocular complications of diabetes mellitus.World journal of diabetes · 2015Review
- Role of Systemic Factors in Improving the Prognosis of Diabetic Retinal Disease and Predicting Response to Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment.Ophthalmology scienceReview
- Effects of Smoking on Outcomes of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.Middle East African journal of ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo investigate the effects of nicotine on retinal alterations in early-stage diabetes in an established rodent model. MATERIALS AND
methodsSprague-Dawley rats were examined using a combination of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and spectral domain optical coherence tomography to determine changes in retinal structure in response to nicotine exposure, diabetes and the combined effects of nicotine and diabetes. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin and nicotine injections were administered subcutaneously daily. Retinal thickness in the superior, inferior, nasal and temporal quadrants were determined based on the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) volume scans (20° × 20°) centered on the optic disc. Segmentation of discrete retinal layers was performed on a subset of SD-OCT cross-sections to further examine changes in each treatment group. Survival of neurons within the ganglion cell layer (GCL) was assessed by confocal morphometric imaging.
resultsThe control group did not experience any significant change throughout the study. The nicotine treatment group experienced an average decrease in total retinal thickness (TRT) of 9.4 µm with the majority of the loss localized within the outer nuclear layer (ONL) as determined by segmentation analysis (p < 0.05). The diabetic group exhibited a trend toward decreased TRT while segmentation analysis of the diabetic retinopathy (DR) group revealed significant thinning within the ONL (p < 0.05). The combination of nicotine and diabetes revealed a significant increase of 8.9 µm in the TRT (p < 0.05) accompanied by a decrease in the number of GCL neurons.
conclusionsWe demonstrated significant temporal changes in retinal morphology in response to nicotine exposure, diabetes and with the combined effects of nicotine and diabetes. These findings may have implications in determining treatment strategies for diabetic patients using products containing nicotine, such as cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, electronic cigarettes or smoking cessation products.
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