ArticlePloS one2014
Evolution of the global burden of viral infections from unsafe medical injections, 2000-2010.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus Among the General Population in Sub-Saharan Africa-An Analysis of Systematic Review Data.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2025Pooled it
- Healthcare waste generation in hospitals per continent: a systematic review.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Pooled it
- Medical injection and access to sterile injection equipment in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys (2010-2017).International health · 2020Pooled it
- The Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Hepatitis C Screening for Migrants in the EU/EEA: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
- Recommendations on hepatitis C screening for adults.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2017Guideline
- Pooled it
- Oral capsule administration of biomacromolecules that achieves bioavailability and pharmacokinetics comparable to subcutaneous injection in dogs - the BIONDDDrug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Article
- Advances in Drug and Vaccine Delivery for Low- and Middle-Income Healthcare Programs-The Case for Replacing Multi-Dose Vials with Prefilled Single-Dose Delivery Systems.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Voluntary HIV Testing and Counselling Initiatives in Occupational Settings: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence and Modes of Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Historical Worldwide Review.Viruses · 2024Review
- Immunization of laboratory animal workers: occupational health and safety aspects.Pathogens and global health · 2024Review
- Global burden and trends of acute viral hepatitis among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.Hepatology international · 2024Article
- Genetic variants of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B were associated with different outcomes of Hepatitis C virus infection among Egyptian patients.Le infezioni in medicina · 2024Article
- Evaluating and prioritizing the healthcare waste disposal center locations using a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method.Scientific reports · 2023Review
- Acute hepatitis C virus infection: clinical update and remaining challenges.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2023Review
- A Promising Needle-Free Pyro-Drive Jet Injector for Augmentation of Immunity by Intradermal Injection as a Physical Adjuvant.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- The long-term impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on environmental health: a review study of the bi-directional effect.Bulletin of the National Research Centre · 2023Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn 2000, the World Health Organization estimated that, in developing and transitional countries, unsafe injections accounted for respectively 5%, 32% and 40% of new infections with HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Safe injection campaigns were organized worldwide. The present study sought to measure the progress in reducing the transmission of these viruses through unsafe injections over the subsequent decade.
methodsA mass action model was updated, to recalculate the number of injection-related HIV, HCV and HBV infections acquired in 2000 and provide estimates for 2010. Data about the annual number of unsafe injections were updated. HIV prevalence in various regions in 2000 and 2010 were calculated from UNAIDS data. The ratio of HIV prevalence in healthcare settings compared to the general population was estimated from a literature review. Improved regional estimates of the prevalence of HCV seropositivity, HBsAg and HBeAg antigenemia were used for 2000 and 2010. For HIV and HCV, revised estimates of the probability of transmission per episode of unsafe injection were used, with low and high values allowing sensitivity analyses.
resultsDespite a 13% population growth, there was a reduction of respectively 87% and 83% in the absolute numbers of HIV and HCV infections transmitted through injections. For HBV, the reduction was more marked (91%) due to the additional impact of vaccination. While injections-related cases had accounted for 4.6%-9.1% of newly acquired HIV infections in 2000, this proportion decreased to 0.7%-1.3% in 2010, when unsafe injections caused between 16,939 and 33,877 HIV infections, between 157,592 and 315,120 HCV infections, and 1,679,745 HBV infections.
conclusionFrom 2000 to 2010, substantial progress was made in reducing the burden of HIV, HCV and HBV infections transmitted through injections. In some regions, their elimination might become a reasonable public health goal.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.