ArticlePloS one2014
Mixed T helper cell signatures in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without polyps.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Protein Biomarkers in Adult Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis.American journal of rhinology & allergy · 2023Pooled it
- Studies of the role of basophils in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease pathogenesis.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2021Trial
- Heterogeneous inflammatory patterns in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps in Chicago, Illinois.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2017Trial
- Olfactory immunity: defending the neural-mucosal barrier.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- Case Report: Olfactory loss as the sentinel manifestation of type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps: response to IL-4Rα inhibition with stapokibart - a case series.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Differential Immune Cell Infiltration in Eosinophilic and Non-Eosinophilic CRS: Correlations With Clinical, Endoscopic, and Radiological Findings.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2025Article
- Comparison of Eosinophil Profile and Lund Kennedy Score in Patients with Nasal Polyps.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2024Article
- Review
- Revisiting T Cells in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2024Review
- Targeting Epithelium Dysfunction and Impaired Nasal Biofilms to Treat Immunological, Functional, and Structural Abnormalities of Chronic Rhinosinusitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Retinoic acid promotes fibrinolysis and may regulate polyp formation.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2022Article
- Low Diversity and Instability of the Sinus Microbiota over Time in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Immunological Aspects of Chronic Rhinosinusitis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor- Ivacaftor improves sinonasal outcomes in cystic fibrosis.Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society · 2022Observational
- Different Roles of Dendritic Cells for Chronic Rhinosinusitis Treatment According to Phenotype.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The role of raftlin in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2022Article
- Chronic Rhinosinusitis,Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Expression of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation-Related Genes in Nasal Mucosa and Nasal Polyps from Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Mechanisms and pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2022Review
- The role of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2022Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
unlabelledIn chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) different phenotypes have been reported based on cytokine profile and inflammatory cell patterns. The aim of this study was to characterize the intracytoplasmatic cytokines of T cells infiltrating the inflamed sinonasal mucosa.
methodsInfiltrated T cells and tissue homogenates from sinonasal mucosal samples of 7 healthy subjects, 9 patients with CRS without nasal polyp (CRSsNP), 15 with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and 5 cystic fibrosis patients (CF-NP) were analyzed for cytokine expression using flow cytometry and multiplex analysis respectively. Intracytoplasmic cytokinesin T cells were analyzed after stimulation of nasal polyps with Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B for 24 hours.
resultsThe number of T cells per total living cells was significantly higher in patients with CRSwNP vs. CRSsNP and controls. 85% of the CD4(+) T cells showed to be memory T cells. The effector T cells present in all tissues have a predominant Th1 phenotype. Only in CRSwNP, a significant fraction of T cells produced the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5, while nasal polyps from CF patients were characterized by a higher CD4/CD8 T cell ratio and an increased number of Th17 cells. 24 h stimulation with SEB resulted in a significant induction of CD4(+) T cells producing IL-10 (Tr1 cells).
conclusionT cell cytokine patterns in healthy and inflamed sinonasal mucosa revealed that Th2 cells (IL-4 and IL-5 producing cells) are significantly increased in CRSwNP mucosal inflammation. Exposure to SEB stimulates Tr1 cells that may contribute to the Th2 bias in CRSwNP.
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