ArticleJournal of epidemiology2014
Associations of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption with metabolic syndrome in a male Chinese population: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Journal of epidemiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Mainland China: a meta-analysis of published studies.BMC public health · 2016Pooled it
- Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors among rural adults in Nantong, China.Scientific reports · 2016Trial
- Impact of metabolic syndrome on the progression of arterial stiffness in people of African ancestry.African health sciences · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome among Tehran adults: a cross-sectional analysis from the Tehran cohort study (TeCS).Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- The interplay of physical activity and smoking with metabolic syndrome and its components in the STEPS survey.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Recommendations for screening of MetS: Utilizing total cholesterol for trend and prevalence estimates of Metabolic Syndrome among adults-findings from STEPS survey of Nepal.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Associations of Opium Use with Metabolic Syndrome in Fasa PERSIAN Cohort Study: A Population-Based Study.International journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients - A hospital-based cross-sectional study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Sex-specific prevalence of metabolic syndrome in older adults: results from the Neyshabur longitudinal study on aging, Iran.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2022Article
- The Effect of Diabetes and Prediabetes on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission to Close Contacts.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Observational
- Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Metabolic Syndrome among Adults in China from 2015 to 2017.Nutrients · 2021Article
- The Effect of Smoking and Sex on the Association Between Long-term Alcohol Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome in a Middle-aged and Older Population.Journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Assessing the true association between hypertension status and stature of individuals in Bangladesh: propensity score analysis.Journal of human hypertension · 2021Article
- Prevalence and Clinical Profiling of Dysglycemia and HIV Infection in Persons With Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Brazil.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among ethnic groups in China.BMC public health · 2020Article
- The Study of Clustering Effects of Behavior Risk Factors in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in Southern China: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of diabetes research · 2020Article
- Metabolic Syndrome and 5-Year Incident Hyperuricemia Among Older Chinese Adults: A Community-Based Cohort Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2020Article
- Association between height and hypertension in the adult Nepalese population: Findings from a nationally representative survey.Health science reports · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWhether cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption are associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains controversial. This study investigated the associations of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption with MetS in a male population in China.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was used to collect data on cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, MetS status, and other related information from 8169 men aged 19-97 years. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between smoking and alcohol consumption and the risk of MetS.
resultsThe prevalence of MetS was 15.2% in the study population. Proportions of current smokers and drinkers were 48.2% and 46.5%, respectively. Adjusted OR of MetS was 1.34 (95% CI, 1.01-1.79) among smokers who smoked ≥40 cigarettes/day compared with nonsmokers and 1.22 (95% CI 1.03-1.46) for those who consumed 0.1-99 grams of alcohol/day compared with nondrinkers. Adjusted OR was 2.32 (95% CI 1.45-3.73) among ex-drinkers who never smoked, 1.98 (95% CI 1.35-2.91) among ex-drinkers who were current smokers, and 1.34 (95% CI 1.08-1.68) among current drinkers who never smoked compared with those who neither smoked nor drank. There was a significant interaction between smoking and drinking alcohol on MetS (P for interaction is 0.001).
conclusionsOur study indicated that smoking and drinking is associated with higher prevalence of MetS. Interactions between smoking and drinking on the risk of MetS in men in China may also exist. Our findings need to be confirmed in future case-control or cohort studies.
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