SynthesisJournal of occupational and environmental medicine2014
Health promotion in small business: a systematic review of factors influencing adoption and effectiveness of worksite wellness programs.
Synthesis in Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The effects of different types of organisational workplace mental health interventions on mental health and wellbeing in healthcare workers: a systematic review.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2024Pooled it
- Digital mental health intervention for well-being among low-distress workers in small enterprises on a secondary analysis of an RCT.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Outcome assessment of a complex mental health intervention in the workplace. Results from the MENTUPP pilot study.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2023Trial
- Small + Safe + Well: lessons learned from a Total Worker Health® randomized intervention to promote organizational change in small business.BMC public health · 2022Trial
- Effects of Sedentary Behavior Interventions on Mental Well-Being and Work Performance While Working from Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Disseminating Evidence-Based Interventions in Small, Low-Wage Worksites: A Randomized Controlled Trial in King County, Washington (2014-2017).American journal of public health · 2019Trial
- Tobacco Evidence-Based Practice Implementation and Employee Tobacco-Related Outcomes at Small Low-Wage Worksites.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2019Trial
- Protocol: a multi-level intervention program to reduce stress in 9-1-1 telecommunicators.BMC public health · 2018Trial
- Integrating physical activity into the workplace: opportunities for enhancing employee health.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Adapting a workplace tobacco control program in small and medium-sized enterprises: identifyingFrontiers in health services · 2026Article
- Associations between mental health and sociodemographic and work-related factors in Canadian SME workers: an observational study.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- Workplace Health and Wellbeing in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs): A Mixed Methods Evaluation of Provision and Support Uptake.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Impact of workforce characteristics and monetary incentives on uptake of health and wellbeing initiatives in the United Kingdom.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of a training for managers in using active and personal communication to stimulate employee participation in a workplace smoking cessation program.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of an online text-based stress management program for employees who work in micro- and small-sized enterprises: A randomized controlled trial.Internet interventions · 2024Article
- Implementing workplace health promotion in nursing - A process evaluation in different care settings.BMC nursing · 2024Article
- Approaches for the Use of AI in Workplace Health Promotion and Prevention: Systematic Scoping Review.JMIR AI · 2024Article
- Web-based occupational stress prevention in German micro- and small-sized enterprises - process evaluation results of an implementation study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- More than the worksite cafeteria: the workplace food environment of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Netherlands.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Implementation of an internet-based stress management program in micro- and small-sized enterprises: a study protocol for a pre-post feasibility study of the effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 2 trial.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2024Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the evidence regarding the adoption and efficacy of worksite health promotion programs (WHPPs) in small businesses.
methodsPeer-reviewed research articles were identified from a database search. Included articles were published before July 2013, described a study that used an experimental or quasiexperimental design and either assessed adoption of WHPPs or conducted interventions in businesses with fewer than 500 employees. A review team scored the study's rigor using the WHO-adapted GRADEprofiler "quality of evidence" criteria.
resultsOf the 84 retrieved articles, 19 met study inclusion criteria. Of these, only two met criteria for high rigor.
conclusionsFewer small businesses adopt WHPPs compared with large businesses. Two high-rigor studies found that employees were healthier postintervention. Higher quality research is needed to better understand why small businesses rarely adopt wellness programs and to demonstrate the value of such programs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.