ArticleBioPsychoSocial medicine2014
Modeling students' instrumental (mis-) use of substances to enhance cognitive performance: Neuroenhancement in the light of job demands-resources theory.
Article in BioPsychoSocial medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Preliminary Investigation of a Conceptual Framework of Performance Enhancement Across Different Life Domains.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Factor structure and measurement invariance of the University Demand-Resource Questionnaire: further evidence from Hungarian university students.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Examining Medical Staff Well-Being through the Application and Extension of the Job Demands-Resources Model: A Cross-Sectional Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Potential risk groups and psychological, psychosocial, and health behavioral predictors of pharmacological neuroenhancement among university students in Germany.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The relevance of pharmacological neuroenhancement for stress and resilience-A multistudy report.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Exploring the Role of Personal Demands in the Health-Impairment Process of the Job Demands-Resources Model: A Study among Master Students.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Non-pharmacological factors that determine drug use and addiction.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2020Review
- Predictors of academic efficacy and dropout intention in university students: Can engagement suppress burnout?PloS one · 2020Article
- Preventing Opioid Use Disorders among Fishing Industry Workers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Towards a Moral Ecology of Pharmacological Cognitive Enhancement in British Universities.Neuroethics · 2017Article
- (Mis)use of Prescribed Stimulants in the Medical Student Community: Motives and Behaviors: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Medicine · 2016Article
- Editorial: Using Substances to Enhance Performance: A Psychology of Neuroenhancement.Frontiers in psychology · 2016Article
- Using Caffeine Pills for Performance Enhancement. An Experimental Study on University Students' Willingness and Their Intention to Try Neuroenhancements.Frontiers in psychology · 2016Article
- Why is Cognitive Enhancement Deemed Unacceptable? The Role of Fairness, Deservingness, and Hollow Achievements.Frontiers in psychology · 2016Article
- "It Was Me on a Good Day": Exploring the Smart Drug Use Phenomenon in England.Frontiers in psychology · 2016Article
- Drugs As Instruments: Describing and Testing a Behavioral Approach to the Study of Neuroenhancement.Frontiers in psychology · 2016Article
- A survey of substance use for cognitive enhancement by university students in the Netherlands.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2015Article
- Associations Between the Big Five Personality Traits and the Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs for Cognitive Enhancement.Frontiers in psychology · 2015Article
- Cerebral Correlates of Automatic Associations Towards Performance Enhancing Substances.Frontiers in psychology · 2015Article
- The Complexity of Neuroenhancement and the Adoption of a Social Cognitive Perspective.Frontiers in psychology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHealthy university students have been shown to use psychoactive substances, expecting them to be functional means for enhancing their cognitive capacity, sometimes over and above an essentially proficient level. This behavior called Neuroenhancement (NE) has not yet been integrated into a behavioral theory that is able to predict performance. Job Demands Resources (JD-R) Theory for example assumes that strain (e.g. burnout) will occur and influence performance when job demands are high and job resources are limited at the same time. The aim of this study is to investigate whether or not university students' self-reported NE can be integrated into JD-R Theory's comprehensive approach to psychological health and performance.
methods1,007 students (23.56 ± 3.83 years old, 637 female) participated in an online survey. Lifestyle drug, prescription drug, and illicit substance NE together with the complete set of JD-R variables (demands, burnout, resources, motivation, and performance) were measured. Path models were used in order to test our data's fit to hypothesized main effects and interactions.
resultsJD-R Theory could successfully be applied to describe the situation of university students. NE was mainly associated with the JD-R Theory's health impairment process: Lifestyle drug NE (p < .05) as well as prescription drug NE (p < .001) is associated with higher burnout scores, and lifestyle drug NE aggravates the study demands-burnout interaction. In addition, prescription drug NE mitigates the protective influence of resources on burnout and on motivation.
conclusionAccording to our results, the uninformed trying of NE (i.e., without medical supervision) might result in strain. Increased strain is related to decreased performance. From a public health perspective, intervention strategies should address these costs of non-supervised NE. With regard to future research we propose to model NE as a means to reach an end (i.e. performance enhancement) rather than a target behavior itself. This is necessary to provide a deeper understanding of the behavioral roots and consequences of the phenomenon.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.