ReviewFrontiers in immunology2014
Role of toll-like receptors in immune activation and tolerance in the liver.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed.
- Toll Like Receptor 4: A Potential Link Between Obesity and Metabolic Diseases.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- The Pro-Inflammatory Action of Different Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns in Porcine Hepatic and Intestinal Cell Cultures.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- A Novel Immune-Modulating Nanodrug Enhances Liver-Targeted mRNA Delivery.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Macrophages on demand: How tissue trauma shapes their role.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026Review
- Gestational and lactational dietary supplementation with live yeast partially attenuates inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide challenge in newly weaned piglets.Journal of animal science · 2026Article
- Review
- The hemopexin domain of matrix metalloproteinase-9 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6 secretion in liver.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Immunological mechanisms and emerging therapeutic targets in alcohol-associated liver disease.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Exosomal Small RNA From Donor Liver Preservation Solution Exhibits Molecular Signatures That Distinguish Organ Quality and Posttransplant Complications.Transplantation direct · 2025Article
- Biliary atresia: Rotavirus amplification of lipopolysaccharide/toll-like receptor 4 by mediating MMP7 upregulation through NF-κB.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Gut-liver axis in diabetes: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Potential therapies for acute-on-chronic liver failure.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2025Review
- A new opportunity for N-acetylcysteine. An outline of its classic antioxidant effects and its pharmacological potential as an epigenetic modulator in liver diseases treatment.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Contradictory Mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis and hepatitis B virus infection activation.Heliyon · 2025Review
- Gut‑liver axis in liver disease: From basic science to clinical treatment (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Emerging Roles of High-mobility Group Box-1 in Liver Disease.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2024Review
- Lipopolysaccharide-mediated effects of the microbiota on sleep and body temperature.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Kupffer Cells and Hepatocytes: A Key Relation in the Context of Canine Leishmaniasis.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- From MASLD to HCC: What's in the middle?Heliyon · 2024Review
- Macrophage Perspectives in Liver Diseases: Programmed Death, Related Biomarkers, and Targeted Therapy.Biomolecules · 2024Review
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Liver has a unique vascular system receiving the majority of the blood supply from the gastrointestinal tract through the portal vein and faces continuous exposure to foreign pathogens and commensal bacterial products. These gut-derived antigens stimulate liver cells and result in a distinctive immune response via a family of pattern recognition receptors, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs are expressed on Kupffer cells, dendritic cells, hepatic stellate cells, endothelial cells, and hepatocytes in the liver. The crosstalk between gut-derived antigens and TLRs on immune cells trigger a distinctive set of mechanisms to induce immunity, contributing to various acute and chronic liver diseases including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Accumulating evidence has shown that TLRs stimulation by foreign antigens induces the production of immunoactivating and immunoregulatory cytokines. Furthermore, the immunoregulatory arm of TLR stimulation can also control excessive tissue damage. With this knowledge at hand, it is important to clarify the dual role of disease-specific TLRs as activators and regulators, especially in the liver. We will review the current understanding of TLR signaling and subsequent immune activation and tolerance by the innate immune system in the liver.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.