ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2014
Heme on innate immunity and inflammation.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 211 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
211 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 346 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic variation in NFE2L2 is associated with outcome following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.European journal of neurology · 2023Pooled it
- The influence of voxelotor on cerebral blood flow and oxygen extraction in pediatric sickle cell disease.Blood · 2024Trial
- Bottom-Up Model Suggesting Membrane Localization of Heme Oxygenase‑1 Contributes to Heme Selection for Degradation.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Blastocyst-Derived Lactic Acid Regulates Uterine Epithelial Receptivity and Stromal Decidualization via the HIF1α-HO-1-Heme Metabolic Axis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Immune regulation by erythroid cells: how erythroid progenitor cells and mature red blood cells shape immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- A Comprehensive Study Utilizing QSAR, Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, and MM/GBSA Analyses Reveals Natural Diterpenoids as Promising Caspase-1 Inhibitors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Development of a hemolysis filter system for the selective removal of free hemoglobin, haem and iron from blood envisaged for use in extracorporeal circuits.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Stored L-PRF membranes: safety, morphology, tensile properties, and cell viability-an in vitro pilot study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Heme oxygenase 1 activity mediates red blood cell clearance and tail fin regeneration in zebrafish larvae.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Galectin-3 Mediates Heme-Induced Multi-Organ Dysfunction by Modulating the Splenic Immune Microenvironment.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association of gender and main comorbidities with expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs in COVID-19 patients.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Sustained expression of hemopexin in an animal model of sickle cell anemia.Blood vessels, thrombosis & hemostasis · 2026Article
- Red Blood Cells in Normal and Pathological States: Redox Reactions of Hemoglobin.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Erythrocytes as Active Regulators of Blood Flow: A Brief Overview.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Hemin suppresses interferon responses in periodontal cell models through JAK2-STAT1 inhibition.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Don't neglect the non-thrombotic manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome in children - autoimmune hemolytic anemia and myocarditis: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Distinct Pathways in Degenerated and Non-degenerated Rotator Cuff Tears: Implications for Pathogenesis and Treatment.Current molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Key roles of GAPDH, Hsp90, and NO in heme trafficking.Journal of inorganic biochemistry · 2026Review
- Human Protein Z as the Second Known Heme-Binding Protein from the Endogenous Blood Coagulation Inhibitor System.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026Article
151 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Heme is an essential molecule expressed ubiquitously all through our tissues. Heme plays major functions in cellular physiology and metabolism as the prosthetic group of diverse proteins. Once released from cells and from hemeproteins free heme causes oxidative damage and inflammation, thus acting as a prototypic damage-associated molecular pattern. In this context, free heme is a critical component of the pathological process of sterile and infectious hemolytic conditions including malaria, hemolytic anemias, ischemia-reperfusion, and hemorrhage. The plasma scavenger proteins hemopexin and albumin reduce heme toxicity and are responsible for transporting free heme to intracellular compartments where it is catabolized by heme-oxygenase enzymes. Upon hemolysis or severe cellular damage the serum capacity to scavenge heme may saturate and increase free heme to sufficient amounts to cause tissue damage in various organs. The mechanism by which heme causes reactive oxygen generation, activation of cells of the innate immune system and cell death are not fully understood. Although heme can directly promote lipid peroxidation by its iron atom, heme can also induce reactive oxygen species generation and production of inflammatory mediators through the activation of selective signaling pathways. Heme activates innate immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils through activation of innate immune receptors. The importance of these events has been demonstrated in infectious and non-infectious diseases models. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms behind heme-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation and the consequences of these events on different tissues and diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.