ArticleFrontiers in human neuroscience2014
Robot-assisted vs. sensory integration training in treating gait and balance dysfunctions in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial.
Article in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 37 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of Robot-Assisted Gait Training and Conventional Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Efficacy of End-Effector Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Subacute Stroke Patients: Clinical and Gait Outcomes
The Effectiveness of Combining a Home-based Digital Motor Telerehabilitation Program With Conventional Therapy in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: a Multicentre, Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of fatigue on postural control in individuals with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.BMC neurology · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on quality of life in adults with multiple sclerosis.European journal of medical research · 2023Pooled it
- Combining robot-assisted therapy with virtual reality or using it alone? A systematic review on health-related quality of life in neurological patients.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2023Pooled it
- Which exercise and behavioural interventions show most promise for treating fatigue in multiple sclerosis? A network meta-analysis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2021Pooled it
- Outcome measures used in trials on gait rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: A systematic literature review.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Exercise therapy for fatigue in multiple sclerosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Improving dynamic balance in relapsing-remitting MS: insights from robotic-assisted rehabilitation therapy.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Comparative effects of sensory motor and virtual reality interventions to improve gait, balance and quality of life MS patients.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Case Report: Improving gait and fatigue in multiple sclerosis through wearable electrical stimulation: a single-patient study.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Article
- The Association Between the Occurrence of Sensory Integration Disorders, Depression, and Chronic Fatigue in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Four-Week Exoskeleton Gait Training on Balance and Mobility in Minimally Impaired Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Multiple Sclerosis: Enhancing Botulinum Toxin Effects in Spasticity Management, a Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The Role of VibraPlus on Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Interhemispheric inhibition and gait adaptation associations in people with multiple sclerosis.Experimental brain research · 2024Article
- Scientometric Research and Critical Analysis of Gait and Balance in Older Adults.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Can Robotic Gait Training with End Effectors Improve Lower-Limb Functions in Patients Affected by Multiple Sclerosis? Results from a Retrospective Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Effects of robotic rehabilitation on fatigue experience, disability, and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS): A systematic review and meta-analysis.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExtensive research on both healthy subjects and patients with central nervous damage has elucidated a crucial role of postural adjustment reactions and central sensory integration processes in generating and "shaping" locomotor function, respectively. Whether robotic-assisted gait devices might improve these functions in Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is not fully investigated in literature. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of end-effector robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) and sensory integration balance training (SIBT) in improving walking and balance performance in patients with MS.
methodsTwenty-two patients with MS (EDSS: 1.5-6.5) were randomly assigned to two groups. The RAGT group (n = 12) underwent end-effector system training. The SIBT group (n = 10) underwent specific balance exercises. Each patient received twelve 50-min treatment sessions (2 days/week). A blinded rater evaluated patients before and after treatment as well as 1 month post treatment. Primary outcomes were walking speed and Berg Balance Scale. Secondary outcomes were the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, Sensory Organization Balance Test, Stabilometric Assessment, Fatigue Severity Scale, cadence, step length, single and double support time, Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54.
resultsBetween groups comparisons showed no significant differences on primary and secondary outcome measures over time. Within group comparisons showed significant improvements in both groups on the Berg Balance Scale (P = 0.001). Changes approaching significance were found on gait speed (P = 0.07) only in the RAGT group. Significant changes in balance task-related domains during standing and walking conditions were found in the SIBT group.
conclusionBalance disorders in patients with MS may be ameliorated by RAGT and by SIBT.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.