ReviewFrontiers in systems neuroscience2014
Pharmacological enhancement of memory or cognition in normal subjects.
Review in Frontiers in systems neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Event-related potential (P300): the effects of levetiracetam in cognitive performance.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Trial
- The prevalence of cognitive enhancers' usage among health college students and the factors associated with its use.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Environmental enrichment reverses noise induced impairments in learning and memory associated with the hippocampus in female rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Enhancing Associative Learning in Rats With a Computationally Designed Training Protocol.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Article
- Herbal drugs and natural bioactive products as potential therapeutics: A review on pro-cognitives and brain boosters perspectives.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2021Review
- Effects of the Hydroethanolic Extract ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Modeling suggests combined-drug treatments for disorders impairing synaptic plasticity via shared signaling pathways.Journal of computational neuroscience · 2021Article
- Environmental noise degrades hippocampus-related learning and memory.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- AMPA Receptors: A Key Piece in the Puzzle of Memory Retrieval.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Review
- Aluminum-Induced Synaptic Plasticity Impairment via PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling Pathway.Neurotoxicity research · 2020Article
- Impaired cortico-striatal excitatory transmission triggers epilepsy.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Ryanodine Receptor-Mediated Calcium Release Has a Key Role in Hippocampal LTD Induction.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2018Article
- Superior long-term synaptic memory induced by combining dual pharmacological activation of PKA and ERK with an enhanced training protocol.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2017Article
- Therapeutic targeting of the pathological triad of extrasynaptic NMDA receptor signaling in neurodegenerations.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2017Review
- Emergent properties of neural repair: elemental biology to therapeutic concepts.Annals of neurology · 2016Review
- The right time to learn: mechanisms and optimization of spaced learning.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2016Review
- Dynamics of Hippocampal Protein Expression During Long-term Spatial Memory Formation.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2016Article
- Neurons and networks organizing and sequencing memories.Brain research · 2015Article
- Multiple cellular cascades participate in long-term potentiation and in hippocampus-dependent learning.Brain research · 2015Review
- VGF and Its C-Terminal Peptide TLQP-62 Regulate Memory Formation in Hippocampus via a BDNF-TrkB-Dependent Mechanism.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The possibility of expanding memory or cognitive capabilities above the levels in high functioning individuals is a topic of intense discussion among scientists and in society at large. The majority of animal studies use behavioral endpoint measures; this has produced valuable information but limited predictability for human outcomes. Accordingly, several groups are pursuing a complementary strategy with treatments targeting synaptic events associated with memory encoding or forebrain network operations. Transcription and translation figure prominently in substrate work directed at enhancement. Notably, the question of why new proteins would be needed for a now-forming memory given that learning-driven synthesis presumably occurred throughout the immediate past has been largely ignored. Despite this conceptual problem, and some controversy, recent studies have reinvigorated the idea that selective gene manipulation is a plausible route to enhancement. Efforts to improve memory by facilitating synaptic encoding of information have also progressed, in part due of breakthroughs on mechanisms that stabilize learning-related, long-term potentiation (LTP). These advances point to a reductionistic hypothesis for a diversity of experimental results on enhancement, and identify under-explored possibilities. Cognitive enhancement remains an elusive goal, in part due to the difficulty of defining the target. The popular view of cognition as a collection of definable computations seems to miss the fluid, integrative process experienced by high functioning individuals. The neurobiological approach obviates these psychological issues to directly test the consequences of improving throughput in networks underlying higher order behaviors. The few relevant studies testing drugs that selectively promote excitatory transmission indicate that it is possible to expand cortical networks engaged by complex tasks and that this is accompanied by capabilities not found in normal animals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.