ArticleFrontiers in cellular neuroscience2014
Strategies to increase the activity of microglia as efficient protectors of the brain against infections.
Article in Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- EBV Triggers a Distinct Antiviral Response in HMC3 Cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Non-pharmacological pain treatments as neuro-epigenetic revalidation strategies: integrating chronobiology, acupuncture, and pharmaco-nutrition.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- Palmitoylethanolamide: A Multifunctional Molecule for Neuroprotection, Chronic Pain, and Immune Modulation.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Article
- Palmitoylethanolamide-Incorporated Elastic Nano-Liposomes for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery and Anti-Inflammation.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Therapeutic potential of clinically proven natural products in the management of dementia.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Palmitoylethanolamide shows limited efficacy in controlling cerebral cryptococcosisAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Innate Pulmonary Phagocytes and Their Interactions with PathogenicJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Palmitoylethanolamide shows limited efficacy in controlling cerebral cryptococcosisbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Orofacial Pain Management: An Overview of the Potential Benefits of Palmitoylethanolamide and Other Natural Agents.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Role of α-synuclein in microglia: autophagy and phagocytosis balance neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2023Review
- Targeting Neuroinflammation to Alleviate Chronic Olfactory Dysfunction in Long COVID: A Role for Investigating Disease-Modifying Therapy (DMT)?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Review
- The Beneficial Effects of Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide in the Management of Neuropathic Pain and Associated Mood Disorders Induced by Paclitaxel in Mice.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Near-infrared light reduces β-amyloid-stimulated microglial toxicity and enhances survival of neurons: mechanisms of light therapy for Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2022Article
- Classical and Unexpected Effects of Ultra-Micronized PEA in Neuromuscular Function.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Microglia subtypes show substrate- and time-dependent phagocytosis preferences and phenotype plasticity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Palmitoylethanolamide: A Natural Compound for Health Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Duzhong Fang Attenuates the POMC-Derived Neuroinflammation in Parkinsonian Mice.Journal of inflammation research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In healthy individuals, infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are comparatively rare. Based on the ability of microglial cells to phagocytose and kill pathogens and on clinical findings in immunocompromised patients with CNS infections, we hypothesize that an intact microglial function is crucial to protect the brain from infections. Phagocytosis of pathogens by microglial cells can be stimulated by agonists of receptors of the innate immune system. Enhancing this pathway to increase the resistance of the brain to infections entails the risk of inducing collateral damage to the nervous tissue. The diversity of microglial cells opens avenue to selectively stimulate sub-populations responsible for the defence against pathogens without stimulating sub-populations which are responsible for collateral damage to the nervous tissue. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous lipid, increased phagocytosis of bacteria by microglial cells in vitro without a measurable proinflammatory effect. It was tested clinically apparently without severe side effects. Glatiramer acetate increased phagocytosis of latex beads by microglia and monocytes, and dimethyl fumarate enhanced elimination of human immunodeficiency virus from infected macrophages without inducing a release of proinflammatory compounds. Therefore, the discovery of compounds which stimulate the elimination of pathogens without collateral damage of neuronal structures appears an achievable goal. PEA and, with limitations, glatiramer acetate and dimethyl fumarate appear promising candidates.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.