ArticlePLoS pathogens2014
Activation of focal adhesion kinase by Salmonella suppresses autophagy via an Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and promotes bacterial survival in macrophages.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The PI3K/Akt Pathway in Herpesvirus Biology: A Double-Edged Sword in Host-Virus Interactions.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Critical Roles and Molecular Mechanisms of Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Trem2 negatively regulates the MTOR-PKCα axis to protect againstFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Obesity promotes urinary tract infection by disrupting bladder focal adhesion kinase signaling.iScience · 2025Article
- PTEN modulates urinary tract infection susceptibility and shapes urothelial antibacterial defenses.Life science alliance · 2025Article
- mTOR Signaling in Macrophages: All Depends on the Context.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Macrophages downregulate NEDD9 to counteract S. Typhimurium- mediated FAK-AKT activation and lysosome inhibition.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
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- The battle between bacterial infection and autophagy in aquatic animals.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- An Update on the Study of the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Autophagy during Bacterial Pathogenesis.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Endothelial Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Activation with Different Strains ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Unraveling the potential of 3D bioprinted immunomodulatory materials for regulating macrophage polarization: State-of-the-art in bone and associated tissue regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2023Review
- The PI3K-Akt pathway is a multifaceted regulator of the macrophage response to diverse group BFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Autophagy and beyond: Unraveling the complexity of UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) from biological functions to therapeutic implications.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2022Review
- Akt Inhibition Promotes Autophagy and Clearance of Group BPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Essential role for epithelial HIF-mediated xenophagy in control of Salmonella infection and dissemination.Cell reports · 2022Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Autophagy has emerged as an important antimicrobial host defense mechanism that not only orchestrates the systemic immune response, but also functions in a cell autonomous manner to directly eliminate invading pathogens. Pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella have evolved adaptations to protect themselves from autophagic elimination. Here we show that signaling through the non-receptor tyrosine kinase focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is actively manipulated by the Salmonella SPI-2 system in macrophages to promote intracellular survival. In wild-type macrophages, FAK is recruited to the surface of the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV), leading to amplified signaling through the Akt-mTOR axis and inhibition of the autophagic response. In FAK-deficient macrophages, Akt/mTOR signaling is attenuated and autophagic capture of intracellular bacteria is enhanced, resulting in reduced bacterial survival. We further demonstrate that enhanced autophagy in FAK(-/-) macrophages requires the activity of Atg5 and ULK1 in a process that is distinct from LC3-assisted phagocytosis (LAP). In vivo, selective knockout of FAK in macrophages resulted in more rapid clearance of bacteria from tissues after oral infection with S. typhimurium. Clearance was correlated with reduced infiltration of inflammatory cell types into infected tissues and reduced tissue damage. Together, these data demonstrate that FAK is specifically targeted by S. typhimurium as a novel means of suppressing autophagy in macrophages, thereby enhancing their intracellular survival.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.