ArticlePloS one2014
Trends in AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses incidence over 25 years in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Features and global impact of invasive fungal infections caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii: A systematic review to inform the World Health Organization fungal priority pathogens list.Medical mycology · 2024Pooled it
- Daily 800 mg versus 600 mg Efavirenz for HIV Patients Treating Tuberculosis with a Rifampicin-Based Regimen: An Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial.BioMed research international · 2018Trial
- Incidence of AIDS-Defining Illness by Cancer Status in an Observational Study Among Medicaid Beneficiaries Living With HIV in the United States, 2001-2015.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Observational
- Incidence and predictors of common opportunistic infections among children living with HIV at Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Pharmacotherapeutic profile, polypharmacy and its associated factors in a cohort of people living with HIV in Brazil.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Article
- Predictors of a high incidence of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy at Amhara regional state comprehensive specialized hospitals, Ethiopia: A multicenter institution-based retrospective follow-up study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Pharmacokinetics of Efavirenz 600mg in Combination with Rifampicin in Chinese HIV/TB Co-Infection Patients.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Late-onset opportunistic infections while receiving anti-retroviral therapy in Latin America: burden and risk factors.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Article
- Evolving epidemiology of pneumocystis pneumonia: Findings from a longitudinal population-based study and a retrospective multi-center study in Germany.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2022Article
- Early Antiretroviral Therapy in AIDS Patients Presenting WithFrontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Toxoplasma gondii in South America: a differentiated pattern of spread, population structure and clinical manifestations.Parasitology research · 2021Review
- Article
- HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis Patients Treated with Amphotericin B Deoxycholate Plus Flucytosine under Routine Care Conditions in a Referral Center in São Paulo, Brazil.Mycopathologia · 2021Observational
- Toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, and isosporiasis in HIV-negative immunocompromised patients: A single-centre study, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2020Article
- Approach to an Intracranial Mass in Patients With HIV.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2020Review
- Influence of vaccine-preventable diseases and HIV infection on demand for an infectious diseases service in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, over 22 years - Part II (1995-2016).Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2019Article
- Magnitude of opportunistic diseases and their predictors among adult people living with HIV enrolled in care: national level cross sectional study, Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2018Article
- Article
- AIDS-Defining Illnesses at Initial Diagnosis of HIV in a Large Guatemalan Cohort.Open forum infectious diseases · 2017Article
- HIV-associated opportunistic CNS infections: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo assess the temporal trends in incidence of AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses in an urban cohort of a middle-income country.
methodsHIV infected patients aged ≥ 18 years at cohort entry were included in this analysis. We calculated incidence rates per 1000 persons-years of observation for the first opportunistic illness presented after cohort enrollment, from 1987 to 2012. Trends for overall and specific opportunistic illnesses were tested and incidence rate ratios for the most recent calendar period were calculated as the ratio between the incidence rate observed in the most recent period of the study (2009-2012) and the incidence rate observed in first period of the study (1987-1990).
resultsOverall, 3378 patients were included in this analysis; of which 1119 (33%) patients presented an opportunistic illness during follow up. Incidence rates of all opportunistic illnesses decreased over time, and the overall opportunistic illness incidence rates fell from 295.4/1000 persons-years in 1987-1990 to 34.6/1000 persons-years in 2009-2012. Tuberculosis, esophageal candidiasis, cerebral toxoplasmosis and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia were the most incident opportunistic illnesses in the cohort. Tuberculosis had the highest incidence rate in the study period. The peak in tuberculosis incidence occurred in 1991-1993 (80.8/1000 persons-years). Cerebral toxoplasmosis was the third most incident opportunistic illness in the study, with a peak of incidence of 43.6/1000 persons-year in 1987-1990.
conclusionsAll opportunistic illnesses incidence rates decreased over the years but they still occur in an unacceptable frequency. Tuberculosis co-infection among HIV-infected persists as an important challenge for health care professionals and policy makers in our setting. Impressively high rates of cerebral toxoplasmosis were found suggesting that its incidence among HIV-infected is linked to the high prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the general population.
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