Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24899841›Full record

ArticleZooKeys2014

Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology.

Dirk-Martin Scheel, Graham J Slater, Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis, Charles W Potter, David S Rotstein, Kyriakos Tsangaras, Alex D Greenwood, Kristofer M Helgen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ZooKeys, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. In-Air Behavioral Audiograms of Two Australian Sea Lions (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. The Miocene sealRoyal Society open science · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. The antique genetic plight of the Mediterranean monk seal (Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2022
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Dirk-Martin ScheelLeibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany.
Graham J SlaterDivision of Mammals, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, 10th Street and Constitution Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20560-0108, USA ; Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, 10th Street and Constitution Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20560-0108, USA.
Sergios-Orestis KolokotronisDepartment of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.
Charles W PotterDivision of Mammals, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, 10th Street and Constitution Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20560-0108, USA.
David S RotsteinMarine Mammal Pathology Services, 19117 Bloomfield Road, Olney, MD 20832, USA.
Kyriakos TsangarasLeibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany.
Alex D GreenwoodLeibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany.
Kristofer M HelgenDivision of Mammals, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, 10th Street and Constitution Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20560-0108, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Extinctions and declines of large marine vertebrates have major ecological impacts and are of critical concern in marine environments. The Caribbean monk seal, Monachus tropicalis, last definitively reported in 1952, was one of the few marine mammal species to become extinct in historical times. Despite its importance for understanding the evolutionary biogeography of southern phocids, the relationships of M. tropicalis to the two living species of critically endangered monk seals have not been resolved. In this study we present the first molecular data for M. tropicalis, derived from museum skins. Phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome b sequences indicates that M. tropicalis was more closely related to the Hawaiian rather than the Mediterranean monk seal. Divergence time estimation implicates the formation of the Panamanian Isthmus in the speciation of Caribbean and Hawaiian monk seals. Molecular, morphological and temporal divergence between the Mediterranean and "New World monk seals" (Hawaiian and Caribbean) is profound, equivalent to or greater than between sister genera of phocids. As a result, we classify the Caribbean and Hawaiian monk seals together in a newly erected genus, Neomonachus. The two genera of extant monk seals (Monachus and Neomonachus) represent old evolutionary lineages each represented by a single critically endangered species, both warranting continuing and concerted conservation attention and investment if they are to avoid the fate of their Caribbean relative.

Indexed as

Ancient DNAextinctionmitochondrial DNAPanamanian SeawayPhocidaesystematics

Identifiers

PMID24899841
PMCPMC4042687

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.