ArticleNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2014
Possible association between vitamin D deficiency and restless legs syndrome.
Article in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of vitamins in the pathogenesis and treatment of restless leg syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Dietary Supplementation in Patients with Restless Legs Syndrome: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- The Role of Vitamin D in Sleep Disorders of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Polysomnographic nighttime features of Restless Legs Syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of dairy products fortified with vitamin dBMC women's health · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of vitamin D replacement therapy in restless legs syndrome: a randomized control trial.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2019Trial
- Vitamin D as a Regulator of the Biological Clock-Implications for Circadian-Metabolic Dysregulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Vitamin D replacement therapy may regulate sleep habits in patients with restless leg syndrome.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2025Article
- Association between inflammatory cytokines and disease severity in restless legs syndrome.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Restless sleep disorder in a sample of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: preliminary results from a case series.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Article
- Exploring the causes of augmentation in restless legs syndrome.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Vitamin D and Restless Legs Syndrome: A Review of Current Literature.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Review
- Association between thyroid function and disease severity in restless legs syndrome.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- The prevalence of and risk factors for restless legs syndrome: A nationwide study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Behavioral sleep medicine-The need for harmonization of clinical best practice outcome measures in children and adolescents with intellectual or developmental disabilities and restless sleep.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- Correlation between vitamin D and poor sleep status in restless legs syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Serum vitamin D, vitamin D receptor and binding protein genes polymorphisms in restless legs syndrome.Journal of neurology · 2021Article
- Association Between Migraine Complicated With Restless Legs Syndrome and Vitamin D.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Searching for Novel Candidate Biomarkers of RLS in Blood by Proteomic Analysis.Nature and science of sleep · 2021Article
- Analysis of Serum Vitamin D Level and Related Factors in Patients With Restless Legs Syndrome.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a distressing sleep disorder that occurs worldwide. Although there have been recent developments in understanding the pathophysiology of RLS, the exact mechanism of the disease has not been well elucidated. An increased prevalence of neurologic and psychiatric diseases involving dopaminergic dysfunction in vitamin D-deficient patients led us to hypothesize that vitamin D deficiency might result in dopaminergic dysfunction and consequently, the development of RLS (in which dopaminergic dysfunction plays a pivotal role). Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and RLS.
methodsOne hundred and fifty-five consecutive patients, 18-65 years of age, who were admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine with musculoskeletal symptoms and who subsequently underwent neurological and electromyography (EMG) examination by the same senior neurologist, were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (a vitamin D metabolite used as a measure of vitamin D status) level: 36 patients with serum 25(OH)D levels ≥20 ng/mL comprised the normal vitamin D group, and 119 patients with serum 25(OH)D levels <20 ng/mL comprised the vitamin D deficiency group. The two groups were compared for the presence of RLS and associated factors.
resultsThe two groups were similar in terms of mean age, sex, mean body mass index (BMI), and serum levels of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and ferritin. The presence of RLS was significantly higher in the vitamin D deficiency group (χ (2)=12.87, P<0.001). Regression analysis showed vitamin D deficiency and serum 25(OH)D level to be significantly associated with the presence of RLS (odds ratio [OR] 5.085, P<0.001 and OR 1.047, P=0.006, respectively).
conclusionThe present study demonstrated a possible association between vitamin D deficiency and RLS. Given the dopaminergic effects of vitamin D, 25(OH)D depletion may lead to dopaminergic dysfunction and may have a place in the etiology of RLS. Prospective vitamin D treatment studies are needed to confirm this relationship and to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D as a treatment for RLS patients.
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