ArticleSleep2014
Ecology and neurophysiology of sleep in two wild sloth species.
Article in Sleep, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Revitalizing the "biology" in "chronobiology".Npj biological timing and sleep · 2026Review
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- Bridging the gap between lab and field sleep studies: a proof-of-concept for studying wild rats in semi-captive environments.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Article
- Article
- Worse sleep and increased energy expenditure yet no movement changes in sub-urban wild boar experiencing an influx of human visitors (anthropulse) during the COVID-19 pandemic.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Re-examining extreme sleep duration in bats: implications for sleep phylogeny, ecology, and function.Sleep · 2022Article
- Non-invasive sleep EEG measurement in hand raised wolves.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Ecological and social pressures interfere with homeostatic sleep regulation in the wild.eLife · 2022Article
- Variation in resting strategies across trophic levels and habitats in mammals.Ecology and evolution · 2021Review
- A brief introduction to the analysis of time-series data from biologging studies.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021Review
- Sleep in two free-roaming blue wildebeest (IBRO neuroscience reports · 2021Article
- Sleep in ostrich chicks (Struthio camelus).Sleep · 2021Article
- Nightly selection of resting sites and group behavior reveal antipredator strategies in giraffe.Ecology and evolution · 2020Article
- Sleep under evolutionarily relevant conditions.Sleep medicine · 2020Article
- High moon brightness and low ambient temperatures affect sloth predation by harpy eagles.PeerJ · 2020Article
- Environment shapes sleep patterns in a wild nocturnal primate.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Sleep inFrontiers in physiology · 2019Review
- Fur Seals Suppress REM Sleep for Very Long Periods without Subsequent Rebound.Current biology : CB · 2018Article
- Article
- Sleep research goes wild: new methods and approaches to investigate the ecology, evolution and functions of sleep.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesInterspecific variation in sleep measured in captivity correlates with various physiological and environmental factors, including estimates of predation risk in the wild. However, it remains unclear whether prior comparative studies have been confounded by the captive recording environment. Herein we examine the effect of predation pressure on sleep in sloths living in the wild.
designComparison of two closely related sloth species, one exposed to predation and one free from predation.
settingPanamanian mainland rainforest (predators present) and island mangrove (predators absent).
participantsMainland (Bradypus variegatus, five males and four females) and island (Bradypus pygmaeus, six males) sloths.
interventionsNone. MEASUREMENTS AND
resultsElectroencephalographic (EEG) and electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded using a miniature data logger. Although both species spent between 9 and 10 h per day sleeping, the mainland sloths showed a preference for sleeping at night, whereas island sloths showed no preference for sleeping during the day or night. Standardized EEG activity during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep showed lower low-frequency power, and increased spindle and higher frequency power in island sloths when compared to mainland sloths.
conclusionsIn sloths sleeping in the wild, predation pressure influenced the timing of sleep, but not the amount of time spent asleep. The preference for sleeping at night in mainland sloths may be a strategy to avoid detection by nocturnal cats. The pronounced differences in the NREM sleep EEG spectrum remain unexplained, but might be related to genetic or environmental factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.