ArticleJournal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO2014
Cigarette smoking, passive smoking, alcohol consumption, and hearing loss.
Article in Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Audiovestibular Dysfunction in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review of Human Primary Clinical Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Protective effects of dietary nutrients on hearing loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Association of alcohol consumption with morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease: original data and meta-analysis of 48,423 men and women.BMC medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Environmental exposure to lead and cadmium and hearing loss in Chinese adults: A case-control study.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Association between modifiable lifestyle factors and the incidences of sudden sensorineural hearing loss and Meniere's disease: A population-based nested case-control study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- Prediction of risk of hearing loss by industry noise from cross-sectional and longitudinal data.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Hearing Loss in Older Adults: Consistent Determinants Across Two Community-Based Cohorts in Southern China.Journal of aging research · 2026Article
- Network localization of gray matter alterations in chronic smokers using the normative functional connectome.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The role of socio-economic and lifestyle factors in hearing function in middle-aged adults.PloS one · 2026Article
- Smoking history and the rate of hearing decline in aging: Results from a longitudinal cohort study.Hearing research · 2026Article
- Review
- Relationship between age-related hearing loss and alcohol consumption in a Japanese population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Older Adults With Olfactory Dysfunction.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2025Article
- Sensory Insights in Aging: Exploring the Impact on Improving Dietary Through Sensory Enhancement.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Exploring the association between secondhand smoke exposure and hearing loss among U.S. nonsmokers.PloS one · 2025Article
- Association between cigarette smoking and hearing loss: A cross-sectional study from the NHANES database.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The objective of this large population-based cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between smoking, passive smoking, alcohol consumption, and hearing loss. The study sample was a subset of the UK Biobank Resource, 164,770 adults aged between 40 and 69 years who completed a speech-in-noise hearing test (the Digit Triplet Test). Hearing loss was defined as speech recognition in noise in the better ear poorer than 2 standard deviations below the mean with reference to young normally hearing listeners. In multiple logistic regression controlling for potential confounders, current smokers were more likely to have a hearing loss than non-smokers (odds ratio (OR) 1.15, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.21). Among non-smokers, those who reported passive exposure to tobacco smoke were more likely to have a hearing loss (OR 1.28, 95 %CI 1.21-1.35). For both smoking and passive smoking, there was evidence of a dose-response effect. Those who consume alcohol were less likely to have a hearing loss than lifetime teetotalers. The association was similar across three levels of consumption by volume of alcohol (lightest 25 %, OR 0.61, 95 %CI 0.57-0.65; middle 50 % OR 0.62, 95 %CI 0.58-0.66; heaviest 25 % OR 0.65, 95 %CI 0.61-0.70). The results suggest that lifestyle factors may moderate the risk of hearing loss. Alcohol consumption was associated with a protective effect. Quitting or reducing smoking and avoiding passive exposure to tobacco smoke may also help prevent or moderate age-related hearing loss.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.