ArticleNutrition journal2014
Nutritional profile of Indian vegetarian diets--the Indian Migration Study (IMS).
Article in Nutrition journal, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- South Asia-specific adaptation of Mediterranean diet principles: a mixed-methods review for practical and sustainable dietary habits.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Dietary Patterns and Breast Cancer Risk: A Multi-Centre Case Control Study among North Indian Women.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
- Evidence Suggests Linoleic Acid Exerts Health Benefits Beyond Cardiovascular Disease: A Brief Review of Clinical and Observational Studies.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Nutritional Vulnerabilities and Dietary Disparities Among Migrant Workers in the Informal Sectors: A Global Scoping Review.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2026Review
- Cardiometabolic Effects of Traditional South Asian Diets and the Growing Burden of Metabolic Syndrome.Archives of internal medicine research · 2026Article
- Comparative nutritional assessment of vegetarian and nonvegetarian ready-to-eat foods.Clinical nutrition research · 2026Article
- Maternal anemia across pregnancy in a multi-ethnic tertiary maternity center in a Singaporean population: prevalence, risk factors, and pregnancy outcomes.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Dietary Influences on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Footprints in Indian Food Systems: A State and Union Territory-Level Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Comparing Dietary Intake and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Vancouver's South Asian Community.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Nutritional quality evaluation of plant-based elementary school meals in Seoul.Nutrition research and practice · 2025Article
- The prevalence patterns and risk factor profiles of poor muscle health and its associated components in multiethnic older Asians: The PIONEER study.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024Article
- Impact of vegetarianism on cognition and neuropsychological status among urban community-dwelling adults in Telangana, South India: a cross-sectional study.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Plant-based diets: a fad or the future of medical nutrition therapy for children with chronic kidney disease?Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Article
- Article
- Risk of hip fracture in meat-eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarians: results from the UK Women's Cohort Study.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Vegetarian and Vegan Diets: Beliefs and Attitudes of General Practitioners and Pediatricians in France.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Observational
- 'Old Is Gold': How Traditional Indian Dietary Practices Can Support Pediatric Diabetes Management.Nutrients · 2021Review
- The Safe and Effective Use of Plant-Based Diets with Guidelines for Health Professionals.Nutrients · 2021Review
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Abstract
backgroundThe cardiovascular and other health benefits and potential harms of protein and micronutrient deficiency of vegetarian diets continue to be debated.
methodsStudy participants included urban migrants, their rural siblings and urban residents (n = 6555, mean age - 40.9 yrs) of the Indian Migration Study from Lucknow, Nagpur, Hyderabad and Bangalore. Information on diet (validated interviewer-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire), tobacco, alcohol, physical activity, medical histories, as well as blood pressure, fasting blood and anthropometric measurements were collected. Nutrient databases were used to calculate nutrient content of regional recipes. Vegetarians ate no eggs, fish, poultry and meat. Using multivariate linear regression with robust standard error model, we compared the macro- and micro-nutrient profile of vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets.
resultsVegetarians, (32.8% of the population), consumed greater amounts of legumes, vegetables, roots and tubers, dairy and sugar, while non-vegetarians had a greater intake of cereals, fruits, spices, salt (p < 0.01), fats and oils. Vegetarians had a higher socioeconomic status, and were less likely to smoke, drink alcohol (p < 0.0001) and engage in less physical activity (p = 0.04). On multivariate analysis, vegetarians consumed more carbohydrates (β = 7.0 g/day (95% CI: 9.9 to 4.0), p < 0.0001), vitamin C (β = 8.7 mg/day (95% CI: 4.3 to13.0), p < 0.0001) and folate (β = 8.0 mcg/day (95% CI: 3.3 to 12.7), p = 0.001) and lower levels of fat (β = -1.6 g/day (95% CI: -0.62 to -2.7), p = 0.002), protein (β = -6.4 g/day (95% CI: -5.8 to -7.0), p < 0.0001), vitamin B12 (β = -1.4 mcg/day (95% CI: -1.2 to -1.5), p < 0.0001) and zinc (β = -0.6 mg/day (95% CI: -0.4 to -0.7), p < 0.0001).
conclusionOverall, Indian vegetarian diets were found to be adequate to sustain nutritional demands according to recommended dietary allowances with less fat. Lower vitamin B12 bio-availability remains a concern and requires exploration of acceptable dietary sources for vegetarians.
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