ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2014
Achilles tendon injury risk factors associated with running.
Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomechanical and Musculoskeletal Measurements as Risk Factors for Running-Related Injury in Non-elite Runners: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies.Sports medicine - open · 2022Pooled it
- The Achilles Tendon Response to a Bout of Running is not affected by Triceps Surae Stretch Training in Runners.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2020Trial
- Diagnosis of chronic Achilles tendinopathy in athletes and its treatment with prolotherapy and paratenon stripping.Skeletal radiology · 2026Review
- Fatigue effects on angular kinematics in male recreational runners grouped by functional response.Sports medicine - open · 2025Article
- Effects of footwear and foot strike patterns on patellofemoral joint and Achilles tendon loading in novice runners and experienced runners.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Influence of running speed, inclination, and fatigue on calcaneus angle in female runners.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Estimating braking and propulsion forces during overground running in and out of the lab.PloS one · 2025Article
- Recent developments in Achilles tendon risk-analyzing rupture factors for enhanced injury prevention and clinical guidance: Current implications of regenerative medicine.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2024Review
- Achilles Tendon Ruptures in National Hockey League Players: Return to Sport and Performance Impact.Foot & ankle orthopaedics · 2024Article
- Acute effect of foot strike patterns on in vivo tibiotalar and subtalar joint kinematics during barefoot running.Journal of sport and health science · 2024Article
- 3D characterization of the triple-bundle Achilles tendon from in vivo high-field MRI.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2023Article
- How much sport is too much? A focus on musculoskeletal health of the adult.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Article
- Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials Comparing Exercise Loading Protocols With Passive Treatment Modalities or Other Loading Protocols for the Management of Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2023Review
- Effect of Anthropometric Parameters on Achilles Tendon Stiffness of Professional Athletes Measured by Shear Wave Elastography.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Tendon loading in runners with Achilles tendinopathy: Relations to pain, structure, and function during return-to-sport.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2022Article
- Exercise Effects on the Biomechanical Properties of the Achilles Tendon-A Narrative Review.Biology · 2022Review
- Dynamic Load Model Systems of Tendon Inflammation and Mechanobiology.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Optimizing repair of tendon ruptures and chronic tendinopathies: Integrating the use of biomarkers with biological interventions to improve patient outcomes and clinical trial design.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2022Review
- Comparison of 2-D and 3-D Analysis of Running Kinematics and Actual Versus Predicted Running Kinetics.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2022Article
- Effect of Increasing Running Cadence on Peak Impact Force in an Outdoor Environment.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundResearch into the nature of overuse Achilles tendon injuries is extensive, yet uncertainty remains around how to identify athletes susceptible to Achilles tendon injury.
objectiveTo identify the strength of evidence for biomechanical risk factors associated with Achilles tendon injuries. RESEARCH
methodsSPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Web of Science and PubMed were searched for Achilles tendon injury risk factors and biomechanical measures which are altered in runners with Achilles tendon injuries, excluding ruptures. Fifteen articles were included in the analysis.
resultsTwo variables, high vertical forces and high arch, showed strong evidence for reduced injury risk. High propulsive forces and running on stiffer surfaces may also be protective. Only one biomechanical variable, high braking force, showed clear evidence for increasing Achilles injury risk. DISCUSSION: Gait retraining to direct the centre of mass further forward to reduce high braking force could be useful in decreasing the risk of Achilles injury. The majority of biomechanical risk factors examined showed unclear results, which is likely due to the multifactorial nature of Achilles overuse injuries. Many risk factors are related to how the athlete's body interacts with the environment during gait, including ground reaction forces, muscle activity both prior to landing and immediately post ground contact, and joint motion throughout stance.
conclusionMultiple risk factors have been associated with the development of Achilles tendon injuries in running athletes but most effects remain unclear. Advice for athletes recovering from Achilles tendon injuries could include avoiding soft surfaces and reducing the pace of recovery runs. Orthotic intervention could assist athletes with low arches but modification of pronation should be viewed with caution. Strength training and gait retraining could be beneficial for reducing injury risk.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.