ReviewImmunogenetics2014
A prominent role for invariant T cells in the amphibian Xenopus laevis tadpoles.
Review in Immunogenetics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- MHC in newts illuminates the evolutionary dynamics of complex regions in giant genomes.Genome research · 2026Article
- Major Histocompatibility Complex Immunogenetic Diversity Differs Substantially Across Sea Turtle Species and Genomic Regions.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- The amphibian immune system.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- MHC architecture in amphibians - ancestral reconstruction, gene rearrangements and duplication patterns.Genome biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Coevolution between MHC Class I and Antigen-Processing Genes in Salamanders.Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
- Antigen receptor repertoires of one of the smallest known vertebrates.Science advances · 2021Article
- Profiling the T Cell Receptor Alpha/Delta Locus in Salmonids.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- The Immune System and the Antiviral Responses in Chinese Giant Salamander,Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Evolutionary Underpinnings of Innate-Like T Cell Interactions with Cancer.Immunological investigations · 2019Review
- A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2018Review
- Xenopus-FV3 host-pathogen interactions and immune evasion.Virology · 2017Article
- Exploring the functions of nonclassical MHC class Ib genes in Xenopus laevis by the CRISPR/Cas9 system.Developmental biology · 2017Article
- Evolutionary Aspects of Macrophages Polarization.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2017Review
- Mitigating amphibian chytridiomycoses in nature.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2016Review
- MAIT, MR1, microbes and riboflavin: a paradigm for the co-evolution of invariant TCRs and restricting MHCI-like molecules?Immunogenetics · 2016Review
- Immunotherapeutic strategies targeting natural killer T cell responses in cancer.Immunogenetics · 2016Review
- Coevolution of MHC genes (LMP/TAP/class Ia, NKT-class Ib, NKp30-B7H6): lessons from cold-blooded vertebrates.Immunological reviews · 2015Review
- Microbiota and mucosal immunity in amphibians.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Invariant T (iT) cells expressing an invariant or semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire have gained attention in recent years because of their potential as specialized regulators of immune function. These iT cells are typically restricted by nonclassical MHC class I molecules (e.g., CD1d and MR1) and undergo differentiation pathways distinct from conventional T cells. While the benefit of a limited TCR repertoire may appear counterintuitive in regard to the advantage of the diversified repertoire of conventional T cells allowing for exquisite specificity to antigens, the full biological importance and evolutionary conservation of iT cells are just starting to emerge. It is generally considered that iT cells are specialized to recognize conserved antigens equivalent to pathogen-associated molecular pattern. Until recently, little was known about the evolution of iT cells. The identification of class Ib and class I-like genes in nonmammalian vertebrates, despite the heterogeneity and variable numbers of these genes among species, suggests that iT cells are also present in ectothermic vertebrates. Indeed, recent studies in the amphibian Xenopus have revealed a drastic overrepresentation of several invariant TCRs in tadpoles and identified a prominent nonclassical MHC class I-restricted iT cell subset critical for tadpole antiviral immunity. This suggests an important and perhaps even dominant role of multiple nonclassical MHC class I-restricted iT cell populations in tadpoles and, by extension, other aquatic vertebrates with rapid external development that are under pressure to produce a functional lymphocyte repertoire with small numbers of cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.