ArticleGenes and immunity2014
IL-12 is required for mTOR regulation of memory CTLs during viral infection.
Article in Genes and immunity, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety of selective IL-23p19 inhibitors for the treatment of psoriasis.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2019Review
- Changes and significance of inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of cervical spondylosis.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2018Article
- IL-12 stimulates CTLs to secrete exosomes capable of activating bystander CD8Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Effector functions of memory CTLs can be affected by signals received during reactivation.Immunologic research · 2017Article
- mTOR Regulation of Lymphoid Cells in Immunity to Pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- Making many from few: IL-12p40 as a model for the combinatorial assembly of heterodimeric cytokines.Cytokine · 2015Review
- Regulation of T cells by mTOR: the known knowns and the known unknowns.Trends in immunology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The induction of functional memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is a major goal of vaccination against intracellular pathogens. Interleukin (IL)-12 is critical for the generation of memory CTLs, and inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by rapamycin can effectively enhance the memory CTL response. Yet, the role of IL-12 in mTOR's regulation of memory CTL is unknown. Here we hypothesized that the immunostimulatory effects of mTOR on memory CTLs requires IL-12 signaling. Our results revealed that rapamycin increased the generation of memory CTLs in vaccinia virus infection, and this enhancement was dependent upon the IL-12 signal. Furthermore, IL-12 receptor deficiency diminished the secondary expansion of rapamycin-regulated memory and resultant secondary memory CTLs were abolished. Rapamycin enhanced IL-12 signaling by upregulating IL-12 receptor β2 expression and signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 4 phosphorylation in CTLs during early infection. In addition, rapamycin continually suppressed T-bet expression in both wild-type and IL-12 receptor knockout CTLs. These results indicate an essential role for IL-12 in the regulation of memory CTLs by mTOR and highlight the importance of considering the interplay between cytokines and adjuvants during vaccine design.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.