ArticleBMC infectious diseases2014
Risk factors for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) hospitalization among hospitalized patients with an initial CDI episode: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase III,randomized,double-blinded Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Vancomycin Vs Placebo in the Prevention of Recurrence of C.difficile Infection in Patients Under Treatment with Systemic Antibiotic Therapy
Secondary Prophylaxis of Recurrent Clostridioides Difficile Infections During Systemic Antibiotics With Vancomycin: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of oral vancomycin versus placebo in the prevention of recurrence ofBMJ open · 2023Trial
- Randomized double-blind clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness and safety of secondary prophylaxis with oral vancomycin versus placebo in the prevention of recurrence ofJAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Article
- Analysis of clinical characteristics and risk factors of recurrentFrontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- A Systematic Literature Review on Risk Factors for and Timing of Clostridioides difficile Infection in the United States.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Review
- External validation of two prediction tools for patients at risk for recurrentTherapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2021Article
- Association of Household Exposure to Primary Clostridioides difficile Infection With Secondary Infection in Family Members.JAMA network open · 2020Article
- Novel therapies and preventative strategies for primary and recurrent Clostridium difficile infections.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2019Review
- Risk factors for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary hospital in Israel.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2018Article
- A Generalizable, Data-Driven Approach to Predict Daily Risk of Clostridium difficile Infection at Two Large Academic Health Centers.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2018Article
- Prediction of Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection Using Comprehensive Electronic Medical Records in an Integrated Healthcare Delivery System.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2017Article
- Preferential Use of Nitrofurantoin Over Fluoroquinolones for Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis and Outpatient Escherichia coli Resistance in an Integrated Healthcare System.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2017Article
- Effects of a Syndrome-Specific Antibiotic Stewardship Intervention for Inpatient Community-Acquired Pneumonia.Open forum infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Fecal microbiota transplant for Clostridium difficile infection in older adults.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2016Article
- A Review of Management of Clostridium difficile Infection: Primary and Recurrence.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2015Review
- Staphylococcus aureus sepsis in rheumatoid arthritis.Rheumatology international · 2015Article
- Outcomes and Risk Factors Associated with Clostridium difficile Diarrhea in Hospitalized Adult Patients.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2015Article
- WSES guidelines for management of Clostridium difficile infection in surgical patients.World journal of emergency surgery : WJES · 2015Review
- Novel risk factors for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in children.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2015Article
- A prediction model for Clostridium difficile recurrence.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2015Article
- 2019 update of the WSES guidelines for management ofWorld journal of emergency surgery : WJESReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRecurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI) is observed in up to 25% of patients with an initial CDI episode (iCDI). We assessed risk factors for rCDI among patients hospitalized with iCDI.
methodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study at Barnes-Jewish Hospital from 1/1/03 to 12/31/09. iCDI was defined as a positive toxin assay for C. difficile with no CDI in previous 60 days, and rCDI as a repeat positive toxin ≤42 days of stopping iCDI treatment. Three demographic, 13 chronic and 12 acute disease characteristics, and 21 processes of care were assessed for association with rCDI. Cox modeling identified independent risk factors for rCDI.
results425 (10.1%) of 4,200 patients enrolled developed rCDI. Of the eight risk factors for rCDI on multivariate analyses, the strongest three were 1) high-risk antimicrobials following completion of iCDI treatment (HR 2.95, 95% CI 2.25-3.86), 2) community-onset healthcare-associated iCDI (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.41-2.29) and 3) fluoroquinolones after completion of iCDI treatment (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.63-2.08). Other risk factors included gastric acid suppression, ≥2 hospitalizations within prior 60 days, age, and IV vancomycin after iCDI treatment ended.
conclusionsThe rCDI rate was 10.1%. Recognizing such modifiable risk factors as certain antimicrobial treatments and gastric acid suppression may help optimize prevention efforts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.