ArticleBMJ open2014
Can you refuse these discounts? An evaluation of the use and price discount impact of price-related promotions among US adult smokers by cigarette manufacturers.
Article in BMJ open, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Beyond excise taxes: a systematic review of literature on non-tax policy approaches to raising tobacco product prices.Tobacco control · 2016Pooled it
- Follow the money: a closer look at US tobacco industry marketing expenditures.Tobacco control · 2023Article
- Mind the Gap: Changes in Cigarette Prices After California's Tax Increase.Tobacco regulatory science · 2019Article
- Tapping Into Multiple Data "Springs" to Strengthen Policy Streams: A Guide to the Types of Data Needed to Formulate Local Retail Tobacco Control Policy.Preventing chronic disease · 2019Article
- The US Cigarette Industry: An Economic and Marketing Perspective.Tobacco regulatory science · 2019Article
- Comparison of Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure between Premium and Discount Brand Cigarette Smokers in the NHANES 2011-2012 Special Sample.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2018Article
- The role of travel distance and price promotions in tobacco product purchase quantity.Health & place · 2018Article
- The impact of a federal cigarette minimum pack price policy on cigarette use in the USA.Tobacco control · 2018Article
- Taking Stock of Tobacco Control Program and Policy Science and Impact in the United States.Journal of addictive behaviors and therapy · 2017Article
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in What Smokers Report Paying for Their Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe raising unit price of cigarette has been shown to be one of the most effective ways of reducing cigarette consumption and increasing rates of successful quitting. However, researchers have shown that price-sensitive smokers have used a variety of strategies to mitigate the effect of the rising price of cigarettes on their smoking habits. In particular, 23-34% of adult smokers in the US use cheaper brands, and 18-55% use coupons or promotions. Little is known about the discount use by type of brands. As such, the main purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the uses and price discount effects of these price-related discounts by manufacturers and major brands.
settingAn analysis based on the cross-sectional 2009-2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey (NATS).
participants11 766 current smokers aged 18 or above in the USA. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Price-related discount was defined as smokers who used coupons, rebates, buy-one-get-one-free, two-for-one or any other special promotions for their last cigarettes purchase.
resultsThe use of price-related discounts and associated price impact vary widely by cigarette manufacturer and brand. Approximately one of three Camel, one of four Marlboro and one of eight Newport smokers used price-related discounts on their latest cigarette purchases. The average price reductions of discounts offered by Philip Morris (PM) or R.J. Reynolds (RJR) were around 29 cents per pack while that of Lorillard (Newport only) was 24 cents per pack. Cigarette brands that provided significant per pack price reductions include: PM Marlboro (28 cents), RJR brand Camel (41 cents), Doral (50 cents), Kool (73 cents) and Salem (80 cents), and Lorillard Newport (24 cents).
conclusionsPolicies that decrease price-minimisation strategies will benefit public health.
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Registered trials
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