ArticlePloS one2014
Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) are present in fractions related to exosomes released by EBV-transformed cells.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles from wild-type Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-cells export host DNA and EBV EBER1.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Epstein-Barr Virus Immunology and Pathogenesis for Possible Diagnostic and Therapeutic Direction.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles released from Marek's disease virus-transformed T-cells impact immune cell proliferation.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Epstein-Barr virus functional RNAs as part of its immune evasion strategy: a role for EBER1?Open biology · 2025Review
- A State-of-the-Art Review on the Recent Advances in Exosomes in Oncogenic Virus.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Dissemination of the Flavivirus Subgenomic Replicon Genome and Viral Proteins by Extracellular Vesicles.Viruses · 2024Article
- Review
- Engineered small extracellular vesicles as a novel platform to suppress human oncovirus-associated cancers.Infectious agents and cancer · 2023Review
- Shaping the host cell environment with viral noncoding RNAs.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2023Review
- Review
- EBV dUTPase: A Novel Modulator of Inflammation and the Tumor Microenvironment in EBV-Associated Malignancies.Cancers · 2023Review
- Role of Exosomes and Their Potential as Biomarkers in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Cancer.Cancers · 2023Review
- Application of small extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Small extracellular vesicles as key players in cancer development caused by human oncogenic viruses.Infectious agents and cancer · 2022Review
- The Impact of Deleting Stem-Loop 1 of Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded RNA 1 on Cell Proliferation.Viruses · 2022Article
- Review
- Viruses in colorectal cancer.Molecular oncology · 2022Review
- Host microRNAs are decreased in pediatric solid-organ transplant recipients during EBV+ Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Metagenomic analysis of primary colorectal carcinomas and their metastases identifies potential microbial risk factors.Molecular oncology · 2021Article
- A Comprehensive Insight into the Role of Exosomes in Viral Infection: Dual Faces Bearing Different Functions.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic herpesvirus associated with a number of human malignancies of epithelial and lymphoid origin. However, the mechanism of oncogenesis is unclear. A number of viral products, including EBV latent proteins and non-protein coding RNAs have been implicated. Recently it was reported that EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) are released from EBV infected cells and they can induce biological changes in cells via signaling from toll-like receptor 3. Here, we investigated if these abundantly expressed non-protein coding EBV RNAs (EBER-1 and EBER-2) are excreted from infected cells in exosomal fractions. Using differential ultracentrifugation we isolated exosomes from three EBV positive cell lines (B95-8, EBV-LCL, BL30-B95-8), one EBER-1 transfected cell line (293T-pHEBo-E1) and two EBV-negative cell lines (BL30, 293T-pHEBo). The identity of purified exosomes was determined by electron microscopy and western blotting for CD63. The presence of EBERs in cells, culture supernatants and purified exosomal fractions was determined using RT-PCR and confirmed by sequencing. Purified exosomal fractions were also tested for the presence of the EBER-1-binding protein La, using western blotting. Both EBER-1 and EBER-2 were found to be present not only in the culture supernatants, but also in the purified exosome fractions of all EBV-infected cell lines. EBER-1 could also be detected in exosomal fractions from EBER-1 transfected 293T cells whilst the fractions from vector only transfectants were clearly negative. Furthermore, purified exosomal fractions also contained the EBER-binding protein (La), supporting the notion that EBERs are most probably released from EBV infected cells in the form of EBER-La complex in exosomes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.