ReviewJournal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism2014
Highly energized inhibitory interneurons are a central element for information processing in cortical networks.
Review in Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 185 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
185 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cortical excitability and plasticity in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of transcranial magnetic stimulation studies.Ageing research reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Parvalbumin interneurons in Alzheimer's disease: Physiological insights and pathophysiological mechanisms.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2026Review
- Gestational Hypoxia Disrupts Medial Ganglionic Eminence Progenitor Dynamics and Interneuron Development in Schizophrenia.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- ATP-depleting spreading depolarizations preferentially originate in the somatosensory cortex during in situ energy deprivation.npj metabolic health and disease · 2026Article
- Parallel Age-Related Cochlear Neural Degeneration and Cortical Gain Adaptation in Normal-Hearing Humans.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Conserved Kir channel mechanisms governing intrinsic excitability in human and rodent parvalbumin neurons.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Neuronal APOE4-induced early hippocampal network hyperexcitability in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.Nature aging · 2026Article
- Fast ripple-delta coupling as an early biomarker for post-traumatic epileptogenesis in repetitive brain injury.Epilepsia open · 2026Article
- Intermittent Fasting andNutrients · 2026Article
- Redox therapy for neuropsychiatric disorders: Molecular mechanisms and biomarker development.Science advances · 2026Review
- Evolutionary neuroeconomic adaptations of fast-spiking neurons in the human neocortex.Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience · 2026Review
- Early life shifts in cortical inhibitory-excitatory balance underlies sensitive periods and skill development.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Corticothalamic dynamics during postictal recovery of self-orientation after electroconvulsive therapy.Brain communications · 2026Article
- The role of inhibition in modeling decision making with spiking neural networks.Frontiers in neuroinformatics · 2026Article
- Synaptic-immune interactions in neuropathic pain: complement-mediated remodeling of spinal dorsal horn microcircuits.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Tau pathology reprograms glucose metabolism to support cortical hyperexcitability, excitatory/inhibitory imbalance, and sleep loss.NPJ dementia · 2026Article
- Rethinking parvalbumin: From passive marker to active modulator of hippocampal circuits.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Adaptations of the axon initial segment in fast-spiking interneurons of the human neocortex support low action potential thresholds.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Every-Other-Day Feeding Prevents the Loss of Parvalbumin-Expressing Neurons in the Cerebral Cortex of Female 5xFAD Mice.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Perineuronal nets in the developing brain: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders.Molecular brain · 2025Review
125 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
Gamma oscillations (∼30 to 100 Hz) provide a fundamental mechanism of information processing during sensory perception, motor behavior, and memory formation by coordination of neuronal activity in networks of the hippocampus and neocortex. We review the cellular mechanisms of gamma oscillations about the underlying neuroenergetics, i.e., high oxygen consumption rate and exquisite sensitivity to metabolic stress during hypoxia or poisoning of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Gamma oscillations emerge from the precise synaptic interactions of excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory GABAergic interneurons. In particular, specialized interneurons such as parvalbumin-positive basket cells generate action potentials at high frequency ('fast-spiking') and synchronize the activity of numerous pyramidal cells by rhythmic inhibition ('clockwork'). As prerequisites, fast-spiking interneurons have unique electrophysiological properties and particularly high energy utilization, which is reflected in the ultrastructure by enrichment with mitochondria and cytochrome c oxidase, most likely needed for extensive membrane ion transport and γ-aminobutyric acid metabolism. This supports the hypothesis that highly energized fast-spiking interneurons are a central element for cortical information processing and may be critical for cognitive decline when energy supply becomes limited ('interneuron energy hypothesis'). As a clinical perspective, we discuss the functional consequences of metabolic and oxidative stress in fast-spiking interneurons in aging, ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia.
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