ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2014
Quality of prenatal care questionnaire: instrument development and testing.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Health engagement: a systematic review of tools modifiable for use with vulnerable pregnant women.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review of the measurement properties of indices of prenatal care utilization.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Pooled it
- Healthy conversation skills as an intervention to support healthy gestational weight gain: Experience and perceptions from intervention deliverers and participants.Patient education and counseling · 2019Trial
- Racial microaggressions in prenatal care settings and perceived quality of prenatal care among Black/African American women.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Does Quality of Prenatal Care for Black Birthing Women Impact Social Media Use?Maternal and child health journal · 2026Article
- Validity and reliability of the quality of midwifery childbirth care from women's perspectives scale among Japanese women: a cross-sectional online survey.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Compliance with ≥ 8 antenatal care contacts and its associated factors among postnatal women attending public health facilities in Nekemte town, Western Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- The effectiveness of an integrated continuous team midwifery care model on the quality of antenatal care in Iran's health system: A randomized controlled trial.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2025Article
- Informed Consent in Perinatal Care: Challenges and Best Practices in Obstetric and Midwifery-Led Models.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Review
- Adaptation of the "Quality of Prenatal Care Questionnaire" (QPCQ) Into Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Obstetric care under the military health system: An analysis of active-duty women's and female spouses' online discussions.Qualitative research in medicine & healthcare · 2024Article
- Protocol for Evaluating Remote Patient Blood Pressure Monitoring Adapted to Black Women and Birthing Persons.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Group Multimodal Prenatal Care and Postpartum Outcomes.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Translation and measurement properties of pregnancy and childbirth questionnaire in Iranian postpartum women.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Maternal satisfaction with group care: a systematic review.AJOG global reports · 2024Review
- Antenatal care service satisfaction and associated factors among pregnant women at public health facilities of Wogera district, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
- Magnitude, disparity, and predictors of poor-quality antenatal care service: A systematic review and meta-analysis.SAGE open medicine · 2024Review
- Development and psychometric testing of a Chinese version of the postnatal care experience scale for postpartum women.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Reduced-visit antenatal care model combined with telemedicine for low-risk pregnant women: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Experiences of postnatal mothers with quality of care including water, sanitation and hygiene amenities during the outbreak of COVID - 19 in Ghana: An institutional cross-sectional study.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUtilization indices exist to measure quantity of prenatal care, but currently there is no published instrument to assess quality of prenatal care. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a new instrument, the Quality of Prenatal Care Questionnaire (QPCQ).
methodsData for this instrument development study were collected in five Canadian cities. Items for the QPCQ were generated through interviews with 40 pregnant women and 40 health care providers and a review of prenatal care guidelines, followed by assessment of content validity and rating of importance of items. The preliminary 100-item QPCQ was administered to 422 postpartum women to conduct item reduction using exploratory factor analysis. The final 46-item version of the QPCQ was then administered to another 422 postpartum women to establish its construct validity, and internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
resultsExploratory factor analysis reduced the QPCQ to 46 items, factored into 6 subscales, which subsequently were validated by confirmatory factor analysis. Construct validity was also demonstrated using a hypothesis testing approach; there was a significant positive association between women's ratings of the quality of prenatal care and their satisfaction with care (r = 0.81). Convergent validity was demonstrated by a significant positive correlation (r = 0.63) between the "Support and Respect" subscale of the QPCQ and the "Respectfulness/Emotional Support" subscale of the Prenatal Interpersonal Processes of Care instrument. The overall QPCQ had acceptable internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96), as did each of the subscales. The test-retest reliability result (Intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.88) indicated stability of the instrument on repeat administration approximately one week later. Temporal stability testing confirmed that women's ratings of their quality of prenatal care did not change as a result of giving birth or between the early postpartum period and 4 to 6 weeks postpartum.
conclusionThe QPCQ is a valid and reliable instrument that will be useful in future research as an outcome measure to compare quality of care across geographic regions, populations, and service delivery models, and to assess the relationship between quality of care and maternal and infant health outcomes.
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