ArticlePloS one2014
The in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of clotrimazole on oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repurposing antifungal drugs for Oral squamous cell carcinoma using network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics approaches.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Clotrimazole as a new frontier: Drug repurposing and its efficacy in cancer therapy.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2026Review
- Clotrimazole inhibits growth of multiple myeloma cells in vitro via G0/G1 arrest and mitochondrial apoptosis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Cyclic fasting bolsters cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors' anticancer activity.Nature communications · 2023Article
- PFKP Activation Ameliorates Foot Process Fusion in Podocytes in Diabetic Kidney Disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Design, Formulation and Physicochemical Evaluation of Clotrimazole Chewing GumDesign, Formulation and Physicochemical Evaluation of Clotrimazole Chewing Gum.Galen medical journal · 2021Article
- Expression of Concern: The in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of clotrimazole on oral squamous cell carcinoma.PloS one · 2020Article
- Prevention of oral carcinogenesis in rats by Dracaena cinnabari resin extracts.Clinical oral investigations · 2019Article
- Targeting mitochondrial hexokinases increases efficacy of histone deacetylase inhibitors in solid tumor models.Experimental cell research · 2019Article
- In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of chloroquine on oral squamous cell carcinoma.Molecular medicine reports · 2017Article
- Toxicity study of oxalicumone A, derived from a marine-derived fungus Penicillium oxalicum, in cultured renal epithelial cells.Molecular medicine reports · 2017Article
- Bevacizumab induces A549 cell apoptosis through the mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress in vitro.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2015Article
- Repurposing Antifungal Drugs for Oral Cancer Treatment: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Potential-A Narrative Review.Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community DentistryReview
Corrections and comments
- Expression of concern · 2020-04-14Concerns/Issues about Data · Duplication of/in Image · Error in Image ·
- Expression of concern
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundClotrimazole is an antifungal imidazole derivative showing anti- neoplastic effect in some tumors, but its anticancer potential is still unclear in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor effect of clotrimazole, and to investigate the possible mechanism of clotrimazole-mediated antitumor activity in OSCC. METHODOLOGY: In vitro experiments, the cell viability and clonogenic ability of three human OSCC cell lines CAL27, SCC25 and UM1 were detected after clotrimazole treatment by CCK8 assay and colony formation assay. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry, and the involvement of several mediators of apoptosis was examined by western blot analysis. Then, the in vivo antitumor effect of clotrimazole was investigated in CAL27 xenograft model. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were performed to determine the presence of apoptotic cells and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in tumors from mice treated with or without clotrimazole.
resultsClotrimazole inhibited proliferation in all three OSCC cell lines in a dose-and time-dependent manner, and significantly reduced the colony formation of OSCC cells in vitro. Clotrimazole caused cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. In addition, clotrimazole induced apoptosis in OSCC cells, and significantly down-regulated the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and up-regulated the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Notably, clotrimazole treatment inhibited OSCC tumor growth and cell proliferation in CAL27 xenograft model. Clotrimazole also markedly reduced Bcl-2 expression and increased the protein level of Bax in tumor tissues of xenograft model.
conclusionOur findings demonstrated a potent anticancer effect of clotrimazole by inducing cell cycle arrest and cellular apoptosis in OSCC.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.