ArticleBiotechnology and bioengineering2014
Fractional factorial design to investigate stromal cell regulation of macrophage plasticity.
Article in Biotechnology and bioengineering, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The emerging role of ferroptosis in the pathological development and progression of sepsis.Military Medical Research · 2025Review
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- Optimizing the generation of mature bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro: a factorial study design.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2023Article
- An in vitro model of the macrophage-endothelial interface to characterize CAR T-cell induced cytokine storm.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Macrophages as a therapeutic target to promote diabetic wound healing.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2022Review
- Macrophage Related Chronic Inflammation in Non-Healing Wounds.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Macrophage: A Potential Target on Cartilage Regeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Prostaglandin E2/EP Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Innate immune cell-epithelial crosstalk during wound repair.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Review
- Alginate encapsulation for bupivacaine delivery and mesenchymal stromal cell immunomodulatory cotherapy.Journal of inflammation research · 2019Article
- Tissue-Engineered Heart Valves: A Call for Mechanistic Studies.Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews · 2018Article
- Alginate-liposomal construct for bupivacaine delivery and MSC function regulation.Drug delivery and translational research · 2018Article
- The Role of Macrophages in Acute and Chronic Wound Healing and Interventions to Promote Pro-wound Healing Phenotypes.Frontiers in physiology · 2018Review
- RNA Interference Screening Reveals Host CaMK4 as a Regulator of Cryptococcal Uptake and Pathogenesis.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- Prostaglandin ENano LIFE · 2017Article
- Article
- Article
- Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cells in Normal and Dysplastic Hematopoiesis-Masters of Survival and Clonality?International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Review
- The effect of local anesthetic on pro-inflammatory macrophage modulation by mesenchymal stromal cells.International immunopharmacology · 2016Article
- Sizes and Sufficient Quantities of MSC Microspheres for Intrathecal Injection to Modulate Inflammation in Spinal Cord Injury.Nano LIFE · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Understanding the regulatory networks which control specific macrophage phenotypes is essential in identifying novel targets to correct macrophage mediated clinical disorders, often accompanied by inflammatory events. Since mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to play key roles in regulating immune functions predominantly via a large number of secreted products, we used a fractional factorial approach to streamline experimental evaluation of MSC mediated inflammatory macrophage regulation. Our macrophage reprogramming metrics, human bone marrow MSC attenuation of macrophage pro-inflammatory M1 TNFα secretion and simultaneous enhanced expression of the M2 macrophage marker, CD206, were used as analysis endpoints. Objective evaluation of a panel of MSC secreted mediators indicated that PGE2 alone was sufficient in facilitating macrophage reprogramming, while IL4 only provided partial reprogramming. Inhibiting stromal cell PGE2 secretion with Indomethacin, reversed the macrophage reprogramming effect. PGE2 reprogramming was mediated through the EP4 receptor and indirectly through the CREB signaling pathway as GSK3 specific inhibitors induced M1 macrophages to express CD206. This reprogramming pathway functioned independently from the M1 suppression pathway, as neither CREB nor GSK3 inhibition reversed PGE2 TNF-α secretion attenuation. In conclusion, fractional factorial experimental design identified stromal derived PGE2 as the factor most important in facilitating macrophage reprogramming, albeit via two unique pathways.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.