ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2014
A pooled multisite analysis of the effects of female reproductive hormones on glioma risk.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hormone therapy and the risk of central nervous system tumors in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Oral Contraceptive and Glioma Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Update on the effect of exogenous hormone use on glioma risk in women: a meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2018Pooled it
- Prospective investigation of herpesvirus infection and risk of glioma.International journal of cancer · 2022Article
- Prospective investigation of polyomavirus infection and the risk of adult glioma.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Reproductive epidemiology of glial tumors may reveal novel treatments: high-dose progestins or progesterone antagonists as endocrino-immune modifiers against glioma.Neurosurgical review · 2019Review
- Sex Hormones and Optic Nerve Disorders: A Review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Review
- Toenail selenium, genetic variation in selenoenzymes and risk and outcome in glioma.Cancer epidemiology · 2018Article
- Sex-dependent association of preoperative hematologic markers with glioma grade and progression.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2018Article
- Older age at the completion of linear growth is associated with an increased risk of adult glioma.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2017Article
- Does exogenous hormonal therapy affect the risk of glioma among females: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Neuro-oncology advancesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe association between female reproductive factors and glioma risk is unclear, but most published studies have been limited by small sample size. We conducted a pooled multisite study of pre- and postmenopausal women, investigating the effect of female reproductive factors, including hormonal medications.
methodsUnconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) assessing the effects of female reproductive factors and female hormonal medications in glioma cases and unrelated controls.
resultsMenarche over the age of 15 as compared to under 12 was associated with a statistically significant risk for glioma (OR 2.00, 95 % CI 1.47-2.71). Use of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) was inversely associated with risk of glioma (OR 0.61, 95 % CI 0.50-0.74), and there was an inverse trend with longer duration of OCP use (p for trend <0.0001). Use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was also inversely associated with risk of glioma (OR 0.55, 95 % CI 0.44-0.68), and there was an inverse trend with longer duration of use (p for trend <0.0001). Compared to those reporting neither OCP use nor HRT use, those who reported using both were less likely to have a diagnosis of glioma (OR 0.34, 95 % CI 0.24-0.48).
conclusionsFemale reproductive hormones may decrease the risk for glioma. The association appears to be strongest with greater length of use and use of both HRT and OCP.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.