ArticleVirology2014
Length quantization of DNA partially expelled from heads of a bacteriophage T3 mutant.
Article in Virology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bypassing Evolution of Bacterial Resistance to Phages: The Example of Hyper-Aggressive Phage 0524phi7-1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Siphophage 0105phi7-2 ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Phage G Structure at 6.1 Å Resolution, Condensed DNA, and Host Identity Revision to a Lysinibacillus.Journal of molecular biology · 2020Article
- Optimizing Anti-Viral Vaccine Responses: Input from a Non-Specialist.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- High murine blood persistence of phage T3 and suggested strategy for phage therapy.BMC research notes · 2019Article
- Nanomedicine and Phage Capsids.Viruses · 2018Review
- States of phage T3/T7 capsids: buoyant density centrifugation and cryo-EM.Biophysical reviews · 2018Review
- Article
- Bacteriophage-encoded virion-associated enzymes to overcome the carbohydrate barriers during the infection process.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2017Review
- Three-step channel conformational changes common to DNA packaging motors of bacterial viruses T3, T4, SPP1, and Phi29.Virology · 2017Article
- Testing a proposed paradigm shift in analysis of phage DNA packaging.Bacteriophage · 2016Article
- Exploring the inside details of virions by electron microscopy.Biophysics reports · 2016Article
- Enhancing and initiating phage-based therapies.BacteriophageArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
DNA packaging of phages phi29, T3 and T7 sometimes produces incompletely packaged DNA with quantized lengths, based on gel electrophoretic band formation. We discover here a packaging ATPase-free, in vitro model for packaged DNA length quantization. We use directed evolution to isolate a five-site T3 point mutant that hyper-produces tail-free capsids with mature DNA (heads). Three tail gene mutations, but no head gene mutations, are present. A variable-length DNA segment leaks from some mutant heads, based on DNase I-protection assay and electron microscopy. The protected DNA segment has quantized lengths, based on restriction endonuclease analysis: six sharp bands of DNA missing 3.7-12.3% of the last end packaged. Native gel electrophoresis confirms quantized DNA expulsion and, after removal of external DNA, provides evidence that capsid radius is the quantization-ruler. Capsid-based DNA length quantization possibly evolved via selection for stalling that provides time for feedback control during DNA packaging and injection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.