Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24888900›Full record

ArticleBioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology2014

Spurious transcription factor binding: non-functional or genetically redundant?

Mikhail Spivakov

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
63citing papers in PubMed
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

63 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. NovelbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Genome-wide rules of transcription factor cooperativity revealed throughbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Transcription Factor-Wide Association Studies to Identify Functional SNPs in Alzheimer's Disease.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
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  20. PML::RARA and GATA2 proteins interact via DNA templates to induce aberrant self-renewal in mouse and human hematopoietic cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article

3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Mikhail SpivakovBabraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
Babraham Institute · GB

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilMedical Research Council
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) on the DNA are generally accepted as the key nodes of gene control. However, the multitudes of TFBSs identified in genome-wide studies, some of them seemingly unconstrained in evolution, have prompted the view that in many cases TF binding may serve no biological function. Yet, insights from transcriptional biochemistry, population genetics and functional genomics suggest that rather than segregating into 'functional' or 'non-functional', TFBS inputs to their target genes may be generally cumulative, with varying degrees of potency and redundancy. As TFBS redundancy can be diminished by mutations and environmental stress, some of the apparently 'spurious' sites may turn out to be important for maintaining adequate transcriptional regulation under these conditions. This has significant implications for interpreting the phenotypic effects of TFBS mutations, particularly in the context of genome-wide association studies for complex traits.

Indexed as

Transcriptional ActivationAnimalsBinding SitesEvolution, MolecularHumansPromoter Regions, GeneticProtein BindingTranscription FactorsTranscription, GeneticTranscription Factorsfunctional genomicsgenetic redundancyregulatory variationtranscriptional regulationtranscription factors

Identifiers

PMID24888900
PMCPMC4230394
OpenAlexW1557274850

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.