Trial reportJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2014
Circulating tumor cells and response to chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer: SWOG S0500.
Trial report in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 323 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Using Circulating Tumor Cells to Diagnose and Predict Prognosis in Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients
Feasibility of a New Technology for Isolating Circulating Tumour Cells in Selected Cancer Patients and Healthy Volunteers
The CCANED-CIPHER Study: Early Cancer Detection and Treatment Response Monitoring Using AI-Based Platelet and Immune Cell Transcriptomic Profiling
Who cites it
323 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Utility of Liquid Biopsy Analysis in Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Determination of Prognosis, and Disease Monitoring: A Systematic Review.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2020Pooled it
- Efficacy, safety and circulating tumor cell dynamics in patients treated with Eribulin for HER2-negative advanced breast cancer - results from the phase II DETECT IVb trial.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Trial
- Blood Sample Collection in Randomized Controlled Trials for Biomarker Discovery and Validation: Experience of the PREOPANC-2 Trial.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Trial
- Circulating tumor cells in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors - a biomarker analysis of the ALICE and ICON trials.Molecular oncology · 2025Trial
- Early dynamics of clinical and laboratory parameters predict primary refractory disease in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma receiving atezolizumab.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- A Randomized Trial of Fulvestrant, Everolimus, and Anastrozole for the Front-line Treatment of Patients with Advanced Hormone Receptor-positive Breast Cancer, SWOG S1222.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2022Trial
- Circulating tumour cells at baseline and late phase of treatment provide prognostic value in breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Circulating Tumor Cells In Advanced Cervical Cancer: NRG Oncology-Gynecologic Oncology Group Study 240 (NCT 00803062).Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Dynamic changes of Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB expression in Circulating Tumor Cells during Denosumab predict treatment effectiveness in Metastatic Breast Cancer.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Combined Targeted Therapies for First-line Treatment of Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer-A Phase II Trial of Weekly Nab-Paclitaxel and Bevacizumab Followed by Maintenance Targeted Therapy With Bevacizumab and Erlotinib.Clinical breast cancer · 2019Trial
- From spectroscopic analysis to clinical imaging: emerging applications and persistent challenges of raman spectroscopy in CTCs-based liquid biopsies.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Circulating tumour cells for guiding antibody‒drug conjugate therapy: Role of artificial intelligence.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Sarcoma metastasis: distinct biological principles beyond the carcinoma paradigm.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Review
- Pre-operative circulating tumor cells predict worse treatment outcome in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer.Oncogene · 2026Article
- Circulating Tumor Cells Enhance Prognostic Stratification Beyond ER Assessment by Biopsy or FES-PET in Endocrine-Treated Metastatic Breast Cancer.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- MMP14 is a safe target of CAR-T therapy against liver cancer and metastasis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Isolation and typing techniques for circulating tumor cells.Biomarker research · 2026Review
263 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeIncreased circulating tumor cells (CTCs; five or more CTCs per 7.5 mL of whole blood) are associated with poor prognosis in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). A randomized trial of patients with persistent increase in CTCs tested whether changing chemotherapy after one cycle of first-line chemotherapy would improve the primary outcome of overall survival (OS). PATIENTS AND
methodsPatients with MBC who did not have increased CTCs at baseline remained on initial therapy until progression (arm A). Patients with initially increased CTCs that decreased after 21 days of therapy remained on initial therapy (arm B). Patients with persistently increased CTCs after 21 days of therapy were randomly assigned to continue initial therapy (arm C1) or change to an alternative chemotherapy (arm C2).
resultsOf 595 eligible and evaluable patients, 276 (46%) did not have increased CTCs (arm A). Of those with initially increased CTCs, 31 (10%) were not retested, 165 were assigned to arm B, and 123 were randomly assigned to arm C1 or C2. No difference in median OS was observed between arm C1 and C2 (10.7 and 12.5 months, respectively; P = .98). CTCs were strongly prognostic. Median OS for arms A, B, and C (C1 and C2 combined) were 35 months, 23 months, and 13 months, respectively (P < .001).
conclusionThis study confirms the prognostic significance of CTCs in patients with MBC receiving first-line chemotherapy. For patients with persistently increased CTCs after 21 days of first-line chemotherapy, early switching to an alternate cytotoxic therapy was not effective in prolonging OS. For this population, there is a need for more effective treatment than standard chemotherapy.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.