ArticlePharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior2014
Cross-substitution of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and JWH-018 in drug discrimination in rats.
Article in Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discriminating evidence - use and misuse of the drug-discrimination test in abuse potential assessment of novel CNS drugs.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- A critical assessment of the abuse, dependence and associated safety risks of naturally occurring and synthetic cannabinoids.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Effects of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists in male rats discriminating the synthetic cannabinoid AM2201.European journal of pharmacology · 2023Article
- ΔDrug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- Experimenter administered ΔPharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2023Article
- ΔDrug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Self-administration of inhaled delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and synthetic cannabinoids in non-human primates.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- In vitro and in vivo pharmacological evaluation of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist EG-018.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2020Article
- Do you feel it now? Route of administration and ΔNeurotoxicology · 2019Article
- Reduced Tolerance and Asymmetrical Crosstolerance to Effects of the Indole Quinuclidinone Analog PNR-4-20, a G Protein-Biased Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Agonist in Mice: Comparisons with ΔThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2019Article
- Cannabinoid-induced lower lip retraction in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2019Article
- Finding order in chemical chaos - Continuing characterization of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists.Neuropharmacology · 2018Article
- Molecular and Behavioral Pharmacological Characterization of Abused Synthetic Cannabinoids MMB- and MDMB-FUBINACA, MN-18, NNEI, CUMYL-PICA, and 5-Fluoro-CUMYL-PICA.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2018Article
- ΔPsychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Pro-psychotic effects of synthetic cannabinoids: interactions with central dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate systems.Drug metabolism reviews · 2018Review
- Discriminative Stimulus Properties of Phytocannabinoids, Endocannabinoids, and Synthetic Cannabinoids.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2018Review
- Repeated Exposure to the "Spice" Cannabinoid JWH-018 Induces Tolerance and Enhances Responsiveness to 5-HTFrontiers in psychiatry · 2018Article
- Thermolytic Degradation of Synthetic Cannabinoids: Chemical Exposures and Pharmacological Consequences.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2017Article
- Disruption of hippocampal synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation by psychoactive synthetic cannabinoid 'Spice' compounds: comparison with ΔAddiction biology · 2017Article
- Comparison of the discriminative stimulus and response rate effects ofDrug and alcohol dependence · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Synthetic indole-derived cannabinoids, originally developed to probe cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, have become widely abused for their marijuana-like intoxicating properties. The present study examined the effects of indole-derived cannabinoids in rats trained to discriminate Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9)-THC) from vehicle. In addition, the effects of Δ(9)-THC in rats trained to discriminate JWH-018 from vehicle were assessed. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate 3mg/kg Δ(9)-THC or 0.3mg/kg JWH-018 from vehicle. JWH-018, JWH-073, and JWH-210 fully substituted in Δ(9)-THC-trained rats and Δ(9)-THC substituted in JWH-018-trained rats. In contrast, JWH-320, an indole-derived cannabinoid without affinity for CB1 receptors, failed to substitute for Δ(9)-THC. Pre-treatment with 1mg/kg rimonabant significantly reduced responding on the JWH-018-associated lever in JWH-018-trained rats. These results support the conclusion that the interoceptive effects of Δ(9)-THC and synthetic indole-derived cannabinoids show a large degree of overlap, which is predictive of their use for their marijuana-like intoxicating properties. Characterization of the extent of pharmacological differences among structural classes of cannabinoids, and determination of their mechanisms remain important goals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.