ReviewJournal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR2014
Direct effects of metformin in the endometrium: a hypothetical mechanism for the treatment of women with PCOS and endometrial carcinoma.
Review in Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lactate metabolism and lactylation in female reproductive diseases: From metabolic rewiring to biomarkers and translational therapeutics.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Metformin and Adipose Tissue: A Multifaceted Regulator in Metabolism, Inflammation, and Regeneration.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Review
- Examining the clinical relevance of metformin as an antioxidant intervention.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Ovarian ferroptosis induced by androgen is involved in pathogenesis of PCOS.Human reproduction open · 2024Article
- Article
- The Effect of Metformin and Carbohydrate-Controlled Diet on DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in the Endometrium of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Diane-35 and metformin therapy in rats with endometrial lesions induced by dihydrotestosterone exposure.Annals of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Role of metformin in functional endometrial hyperplasia and polycystic ovary syndrome involves the regulation of MEG3/miR‑223/GLUT4 and SNHG20/miR‑4486/GLUT4 signaling.Molecular medicine reports · 2022Article
- Localization of Xenobiotic Transporters Expressed at the Human Blood-Testis Barrier.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2022Article
- Effect of metformin on proliferative markers in women with endometrial carcinoma: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Turkish journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2022Article
- Metformin Intervention-A Panacea for Cancer Treatment?Cancers · 2022Review
- Prognostic factors of oncologic outcomes after fertility-preservative management with progestin in early-stage of endometrial cancer.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2021Article
- Changes in protein expression due to metformin treatment and hyperinsulinemia in a human endometrial cancer cell line.PloS one · 2021Article
- Antidiabetic drug metformin affects the developmental competence of cleavage-stage embryos.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2020Article
- High serum Androgen and Insulin concentrations increase the tendency of Endometrial Carcinoma.Journal of Cancer · 2020Article
- Activated Fibroblast Program Orchestrates Tumor Initiation and Progression; Molecular Mechanisms and the Associated Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Differential Expression Patterns of Glycolytic Enzymes and Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptosis in PCOS Patients with Endometrial Hyperplasia, an Early Hallmark of Endometrial Cancer,International journal of biological sciences · 2019Article
- Endometrial progesterone receptor isoforms in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.American journal of translational research · 2018Article
- Estrogen and insulin synergistically promote type 1 endometrial cancer progression.Cancer biology & therapy · 2017Article
- Metformin Ameliorates Uterine Defects in a Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.EBioMedicine · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although a number of in vitro studies have demonstrated the antiproliferative, anti-invasive, and antimetastatic effects of metformin in multiple cancer cell types, its cellular and molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer action in the endometrium of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have not yet been fully elucidated. Organic cation transporters (OCTs) and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs) are known to be involved in metformin uptake and excretion in cells. In this article, we discuss the novel therapeutic possibilities for early-stage endometrial carcinoma (EC) in women with PCOS focusing on metformin, which might have a direct effect in the endometrium through the OCTs and MATEs. We then review the molecular mechanism(s) of the action of metformin in the endometrium and highlight possible mechanistic insights into the inhibition of cell proliferation and tumor growth and, ultimately, the reversal of early-stage EC into normal endometria in women with PCOS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.