ArticleCanadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique2014
Examining the effects of increased vitamin D fortification on dietary inadequacy in Canada.
Article in Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Individual participant data (IPD)-level meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with vitamin D-fortified foods to estimate Dietary Reference Values for vitamin D.European journal of nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Digital tools and technologies used in food fortification: A scoping review.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025Article
- Global differences in vitamin D status and dietary intake: a review of the data.Endocrine connections · 2022Review
- Global View of Per Capita Daily Vitamin D Supply Estimates as Proxy Measures for Vitamin D Intake Data.JBMR plus · 2021Article
- Potential of Vitamin D Food Fortification in Prevention of Cancer Deaths-A Modeling Study.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Vitamin D Fortification of Consumption Cow's Milk: Health, Nutritional and Technological Aspects. A Multidisciplinary Lecture of the Recent Scientific Evidence.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Shedding light on vitamin D: the shared mechanistic and pathophysiological role between hypovitaminosis D and COVID-19 risk factors and complications.Inflammopharmacology · 2021Review
- Nutritional rickets & osteomalacia: A practical approach to management.The Indian journal of medical research · 2020Review
- Food-based strategies for prevention of vitamin D deficiency as informed by vitamin D dietary guidelines, and consideration of minimal-risk UVB radiation exposure in future guidelines.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2020Review
- Review
- Variations in infant and childhood vitamin D supplementation programmes across Europe and factors influencing adherence.Endocrine connections · 2017Article
- Vitamin D and spinal cord injury: should we care?Spinal cord · 2016Review
- Compliance with Dietary Guidelines and Increased Fortification Can Double Vitamin D Intake: A Simulation Study.Annals of nutrition & metabolism · 2016Article
- Choline partially prevents the impact of ethanol on the lipid raft dependent functions of l1 cell adhesion molecule.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesDespite mandatory fortification of milk and margarine, most Canadians have inadequate vitamin D intake and consequently poor vitamin D status, especially in the winter. Increasing vitamin D fortification is one possible strategy to address this inadequacy. The purpose of our study was to examine the modelled effect of increased vitamin D fortification on the prevalence of inadequacy and the percentage of intakes greater than the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) using different fortification scenarios.
methodsDietary intakes (24-h recall) from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey 2.2 (n=34,381) were used to model increased vitamin D levels in milk and the addition of vitamin D to cheese and yogurt at various levels to meet label claims of an "excellent source" based on the recommended dietary intakes. The Software for Intake Distribution Evaluation was used to estimate the prevalence of inadequacy and intakes >UL.
resultsFortification of milk, yogurt and cheese at 6.75 μg (270 IU)/serving led to more than doubling of vitamin D intakes across all sex/age groups and a drop in the prevalence of dietary inadequacy from >80% to <50% in all groups. Furthermore, no intakes approached the UL under any fortification scenario in any sex/age group.
conclusionThere is a pressing need to improve vitamin D status among Canadians. Increasing vitamin D fortification of dairy products, consistent with their positioning in Canada's Food Guide, can lead to increased intake without a risk of excess. This is a population-wide public health strategy that should be given consideration in Canada.
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