ArticleRetrovirology2014
HIV-1 protease-induced apoptosis.
Article in Retrovirology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blocking Host Factors IAP and DDX3 Activates HIV-1 Transcription and Increases Apoptosis Sensitivity of HIV-1 Infected Cells.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Protease-mediated maturation of M-PMV reverse transcriptase into a functional heterodimer.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- A First-in-Class Dual Degrader of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL Reverses HIV Latency and Minimizes Ex Vivo Reservoirs from Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Ferroptosis of T cell in inflammation and tumour immunity.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Review
- Aberrant DNA methylation of genes regulating CD4+ T cell HIV-1 reservoir in women with HIV.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Analysis of Sigma-1 Receptor Antagonist BD1047 Effect on Upregulating Proteins in HIV-1-Infected Macrophages Exposed to Cocaine Using Quantitative Proteomics.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Metabolic, Mitochondrial, and Inflammatory Effects of Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Asymptomatic Antiretroviral-Naïve People with HIV.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A Review of FDA-Approved Anti-HIV-1 Drugs, Anti-Gag Compounds, and Potential Strategies for HIV-1 Eradication.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Targeting HIV-1 reservoirs in T cell subsets.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Fullerene Derivatives Prevent Packaging of Viral Genomic RNA into HIV-1 Particles by Binding Nucleocapsid Protein.Viruses · 2021Article
- Precursors of Viral Proteases as Distinct Drug Targets.Viruses · 2021Review
- Betulinic Acid Decorated with Polar Groups and Blue Emitting BODIPY Dye: Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, Cell-Cycle Analysis and Anti-HIV Profiling.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Review
- Review
- PF74 and Its Novel Derivatives Stabilize Hexameric Lattice of HIV-1 Mature-Like Particles.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- From Entry to Egress: Strategic Exploitation of the Cellular Processes by HIV-1.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- PEGylated Purpurin 18 with Improved Solubility: Potent Compounds for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- NNRTI-induced HIV-1 protease-mediated cytotoxicity induces rapid death of CD4 T cells during productive infection and latency reversal.Retrovirology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundApoptosis is one of the presumptive causes of CD4+ T cell depletion during HIV infection and progression to AIDS. However, the precise role of HIV-1 in this process remains unexplained. HIV-1 protease (PR) has been suggested as a possible factor, but a direct link between HIV-1 PR enzymatic activity and apoptosis has not been established.
resultsHere, we show that expression of active HIV-1 PR induces death in HeLa and HEK-293 cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. This conclusion is based on in vivo observations of the direct localization of HIV-1 PR in mitochondria, a key player in triggering apoptosis. Moreover, we observed an HIV-1 PR concentration-dependent decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and the role of HIV-1 PR in activation of caspase 9, PARP cleavage and DNA fragmentation. In addition, in vitro data demonstrated that HIV-1 PR mediates cleavage of mitochondrial proteins Tom22, VDAC and ANT, leading to release of AIF and Hsp60 proteins. By using yeast two-hybrid screening, we also identified a new HIV-1 PR interaction partner, breast carcinoma-associated protein 3 (BCA3). We found that BCA3 accelerates p53 transcriptional activity on the bax promoter, thus elevating the cellular level of pro-apoptotic Bax protein.
conclusionIn summary, our results describe the involvement of HIV-1 PR in apoptosis, which is caused either by a direct effect of HIV-1 PR on mitochondrial membrane integrity or by its interaction with cellular protein BCA3.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.