ArticleBMC infectious diseases2014
Blood pressure level impacts risk of death among HIV seropositive adults in Kenya: a retrospective analysis of electronic health records.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood pressure and mortality in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected adults in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.Journal of hypertension · 2018Trial
- Hypertension is a marker of the micro-epidemiologic transition in ageing HIV populations in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania (AFRICOS, 2013-2023).BMC public health · 2026Article
- Incidence of hypertension and factors associated with blood pressure control among older adults living with HIV in Western Kenya: a retrospective cohort study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Hypertension and immune activation in antiretroviral therapy naïve people living with human immunodeficiency virus.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Factors associated with blood pressure control in patients with hypertension and HIV at a large urban HIV clinic in Uganda.Journal of human hypertension · 2024Article
- Evaluation of New Hypertension Guidelines on the Prevalence and Control of Hypertension in a Clinical HIV Cohort: A Community-Based Study.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2024Article
- Methodological issues of the electronic health records' use in the context of epidemiological investigations, in light of missing data: a review of the recent literature.BMC medical research methodology · 2023Review
- Hypertension and traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among treatment naïve HIV- infected adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in Urban Tanzania.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Article
- Hypertension and associated factors among patients attending HIV clinic at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital.Ghana medical journal · 2023Article
- HIV-Related Myocardial Fibrosis: Inflammatory Hypothesis and Crucial Role of Immune Cells Dysregulation.Cells · 2022Review
- Incidence of hypertension in people with HIV who are treated with integrase inhibitors versus other antiretroviral regimens in the RESPOND cohort consortium.HIV medicine · 2022Article
- Comparison of predictors for early and late mortality in adults commencing HIV antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe: a retrospective cohort study.AIDS research and therapy · 2022Article
- High rate of left ventricular hypertrophy on screening echocardiography among adults living with HIV in Malawi.Open heart · 2022Article
- Twin epidemics: the effects of HIV and systolic blood pressure on mortality risk in rural South Africa, 2010-2019.BMC public health · 2022Article
- A multi-step approach to managing missing data in time and patient variant electronic health records.BMC research notes · 2022Article
- Blood pressure, T cells, and mortality in people with HIV in Tanzania during the first 2 years of antiretroviral therapy.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2020Article
- Cardiovascular, endothelial function, and immune markers in response to treatment with a polysaccharide in HIVJournal of clinical and translational research · 2020Article
- Magnitude of Hypertension and Associated Factors Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Adults Receiving Anti-Retroviral Therapy at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
- Integrated Hypertension and HIV Care Cascades in an HIV Treatment Program in Eastern Uganda: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- Knowledge and perception on type2 diabetes and hypertension among HIV clients utilizing care and treatment services: a cross sectional study from Mbeya and Dar es Salaam regions in Tanzania.BMC public health · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMortality among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is increasingly due to non-communicable causes. This has been observed mostly in developed countries and the routine care of HIV infected individuals has now expanded to include attention to cardiovascular risk factors. Cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure are often overlooked among HIV seropositive (+) individuals in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to determine the effect of blood pressure on mortality among HIV+ adults in Kenya.
methodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of electronic medical records of a large HIV treatment program in western Kenya between 2005 and 2010. All included individuals were HIV+. We excluded participants with AIDS, who were <16 or >80 years old, or had data out of acceptable ranges. Missing data for key covariates was addressed by inverse probability weighting. Primary outcome measures were crude mortality rate and mortality hazard ratio (HR) using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential confounders including HIV stage.
resultsThere were 49,475 (74% women) HIV+ individuals who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mortality rates for men and women were 3.8 and 1.8/100 person-years, respectively, and highest among those with the lowest blood pressures. Low blood pressure was associated with the highest mortality incidence rate (IR) (systolic <100 mmHg IR 5.2 [4.8-5.7]; diastolic <60 mmHg IR 9.2 [8.3-10.2]). Mortality rate among men with high systolic blood pressure without advanced HIV (3.0, 95% CI: 1.6-5.5) was higher than men with normal systolic blood pressure (1.1, 95% CI: 0.7-1.7). In weighted proportional hazards regression models, men without advanced HIV disease and systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg carried a higher mortality risk than normotensive men (HR: 2.39, 95% CI: 0.94-6.08).
conclusionsAlthough there has been little attention paid to high blood pressure among HIV+ Africans, we show that blood pressure level among HIV+ patients in Kenya is related to mortality. Low blood pressure carries the highest mortality risk. High systolic blood pressure is associated with mortality among patients whose disease is not advanced. Further investigation is needed into the cause of death for such patients.
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