ArticleBMC public health2014
Analysing the socioeconomic determinants of hypertension in South Africa: a structural equation modelling approach.
Article in BMC public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Quantile regression analysis of modifiable and non-modifiable drivers' of blood pressure among urban and rural women in Ghana.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- When the sum isn't the whole - The vascular status score and its components in hypertension identification: The African PREDICT study.Journal of human hypertension · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of blood pressure in adult Nigerians.International health · 2025Article
- Hypertension and the Well-Being of African Migrants in South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of hypertension in community members in a low-income community in Windhoek, Namibia.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2025Article
- Burning health inequity: blood pressure effects of household cooking with solid fuels among Chinese women.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Hypertension guideline implementation and blood pressure control in Matlosana, South Africa.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2024Article
- Reduced Income and Its Associations with Physical Inactivity, Unhealthy Habits, and Cardiac Complications in the Hypertensive Population.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2024Article
- Migrant status disparities in blood pressure: a multiple mediation analysis of modifiable factors.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2023Article
- Urban residence and elevated blood pressure among migrant women in South Africa.Health & place · 2023Article
- Addressing global disparities in blood pressure control: perspectives of the International Society of Hypertension.Cardiovascular research · 2023Article
- Individual and area-level socioeconomic correlates of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in uMgungundlovu, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Prevalence of hypertension in a sample of community members in a low-income peri-urban setting in Gaborone, Botswana.Journal of public health in Africa · 2023Article
- Construction and validation of CAPSES scale as a composite indicator of SES for health research: an application to modeling social determinants of cardiovascular diseases.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic Macro-Level Determinants of Hypertension: Ecological Analysis of 138 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Article
- Body mass index mediates the direct association of subjective social status and hypertension in a fulani west African immigrant sample.The American journal of orthopsychiatry · 2023Article
- Household Food Insecurity and Demographic Factors, Low Birth Weight and Stunting in Early Childhood: Findings from a Longitudinal Study in South Africa.Maternal and child health journal · 2023Article
- Identifying factors associated with of blood pressure using Structural Equation Modeling: evidence from a large Kurdish cohort study in Iran.BMC endocrine disorders · 2022Article
- Article
- Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundEpidemiological research has long observed a varying prevalence of hypertension across socioeconomic strata. However, patterns of association and underlying causal mechanisms are poorly understood in sub-Saharan Africa. Using education and income as indicators, we investigated the extent to which socioeconomic status is linked to blood pressure in the first wave of the National Income Dynamics Study--a South African longitudinal study of more than 15,000 adults--and whether bio-behavioural risk factors mediate the association.
methodsIn a cross-sectional analysis, structural equation modelling was employed to estimate the effect of socioeconomic status on systolic and diastolic blood pressure and to assess the role of a set of bio-behavioural risk factors in explaining the observed relationships.
resultsAfter adjustment for age, race and antihypertensive treatment, higher education and income were independently associated with higher diastolic blood pressure in men. In women higher education predicted lower values of both diastolic and systolic blood pressure while higher income predicted lower systolic blood pressure. In both genders, body mass index was a strong mediator of an adverse indirect effect of socioeconomic status on blood pressure. Together with physical exercise, alcohol use, smoking and resting heart rate, body mass index therefore contributed substantially to mediation of the observed relationships in men. By contrast, in women unmeasured factors played a greater role.
conclusionIn countries undergoing epidemiological transition, effects of socioeconomic status on blood pressure may vary by gender. In women, factors other than those listed above may have substantial role in mediating the association and merit investigation.
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