Trial reportJournal of translational medicine2014
Phage idiotype vaccination: first phase I/II clinical trial in patients with multiple myeloma.
Trial report in Journal of translational medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting CDK4/6 in Combination with Phage-Based Anti-HER2 Vaccination Overcomes Immune Evasion and Enhances the Anticancer Response in Breast Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Insight into Bacteriophage Therapy for Bacterial Infections and Cancer.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Review
- Bacteriophages in gut metagenomes: from analysis to application.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Evaluation of effectiveness of bacteriophage purification methods.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Recent Advances and Mechanisms of Phage-Based Therapies in Cancer Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- An Engineered M13 Filamentous Nanoparticle as an Antigen Carrier for a Malignant Melanoma Immunotherapeutic Strategy.Viruses · 2024Article
- Advances and challenges in anti-cancer vaccines for multiple myeloma.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Epitopes and Mimotopes Identification Using Phage Display for Vaccine Development against Infectious Pathogens.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Review
- Review
- Therapeutic strategies to enhance immune response induced by multiple myeloma cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Article
- Review
- Phage Display-Based Nanotechnology Applications in Cancer Immunotherapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Arming Filamentous Bacteriophage, a Nature-Made Nanoparticle, for New Vaccine and Immunotherapeutic Strategies.Pharmaceutics · 2019Review
- Microbial Delivery Vehicles for Allergens and Allergen-Derived Peptides in Immunotherapy of Allergic Diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- Immunocontraception: Filamentous Bacteriophage as a Platform for Vaccine Development.Current medicinal chemistry · 2017Review
- Application of phage peptide display technology for the study of food allergen epitopes.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2017Review
- Immunotherapy for Multiple Myeloma, Past, Present, and Future: Monoclonal Antibodies, Vaccines, and Cellular Therapies.Current hematologic malignancy reports · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMultiple myeloma is characterized by clonal expansion of B cells producing monoclonal immunoglobulins or fragments thereof, which can be detected in the serum and/or urine and are ideal target antigens for patient-specific immunotherapies.
methodsUsing phage particles as immunological carriers, we employed a novel chemically linked idiotype vaccine in a clinical phase I/II trial including 15 patients with advanced multiple myeloma. Vaccines composed of purified paraproteins linked to phage were manufactured successfully for each patient. Patients received six intradermal immunizations with phage idiotype vaccines in three different dose groups.
resultsPhage idiotype was well tolerated by all study participants. A subset of patients (80% in the middle dose group) displayed a clinical response indicated by decrease or stabilization of paraprotein levels. Patients exhibiting a clinical response to phage vaccines also raised idiotype-specific immunoglobulins. Induction of a cellular immune response was demonstrated by a cytotoxicity assay and delayed type hypersensitivity tests.
conclusionWe present a simple, time- and cost-efficient phage idiotype vaccination strategy, which represents a safe and feasible patient-specific therapy for patients with advanced multiple myeloma and produced promising anti-tumor activity in a subset of patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.