ReviewJournal of translational medicine2014
Impact of carbon nanotubes and graphene on immune cells.
Review in Journal of translational medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nanotechnology-Based Immunostimulants in Aquaculture: Mechanisms, Advances and Practical Applications.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Review
- Nanomaterials in Targeted Immunotherapy for Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Focusing on Immune Cell Modulation and Precision Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Carbon-Nanotube-Based Nanocomposites in Environmental Remediation: An Overview of Typologies and Applications and an Analysis of Their Paradoxical Double-Sided Effects.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Nanotechnology in leukemia therapy: revolutionizing targeted drug delivery and immune modulation.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Antimicrobial Nanotubes: From Synthesis and Promising Antimicrobial Upshots to Unanticipated Toxicities, Strategies to Limit Them, and Regulatory Issues.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Periodic Table of Immunomodulatory Elements and Derived Two-Dimensional Biomaterials.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Gallic Acid-Modified Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites Based Photothermal-Chemotherapy Enhancing Melanoma Immunotherapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Folic Acid-Functionalized MWCNT-Conjugated Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Cell Delivery of Astaxanthin.Bioinorganic chemistry and applications · 2025Article
- Immunotoxicity assessment of multiwalled carbon nanotubes following whole-body inhalation exposure for 30 and 90 days in B6C3F1/N mice and 30 days in HSD:Harlan Sprague Dawley SDFrontiers in toxicology · 2025Article
- A Graphene-Based Bioactive Product with a Non-Immunological Impact on Mononuclear Cell Populations from Healthy Volunteers.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Understanding the Interaction between Nanomaterials Originated from High-Temperature Processed Starch/Myristic Acid and Human Monocyte Cells.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Bioinspired Hierarchical Carbon Structures as Potential Scaffolds for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration Applications.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Synthesis and Functionalization of Graphene Materials for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- The Effect of PEGylated Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles on the Th17-Polarization of Activated T Helpers.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Potential Biomedical Limitations of Graphene Nanomaterials.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Review
- Immune Profiling and Multiplexed Label-Free Detection of 2D MXenes by Mass Cytometry and High-Dimensional Imaging.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2022Article
- Coronavirus and Carbon Nanotubes: Seeking Immunological Relationships to Discover Immunotherapeutic Possibilities.International journal of nanomedicine · 2022Review
- Carbon nanomaterials for cardiovascular theranostics: Promises and challenges.Bioactive materials · 2021Review
- Stimulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells with Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Affect Cancer Progression.Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis · 2021Review
- Advances and Perspectives in the Use of Carbon Nanotubes in Vaccine Development.International journal of nanomedicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
It has been recently proposed that nanomaterials, alone or in concert with their specific biomolecular conjugates, can be used to directly modulate the immune system, therefore offering a new tool for the enhancement of immune-based therapies against infectious disease and cancer. Here, we revised the publications on the impact of functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs), graphene and carbon nanohorns on immune cells. Whereas f-CNTs are the nanomaterial most widely investigated, we noticed a progressive increase of studies focusing on graphene in the last couple of years. The majority of the works (56%) have been carried out on macrophages, following by lymphocytes (30% of the studies). In the case of lymphocytes, T cells were the most investigated (22%) followed by monocytes and dendritic cells (7%), mixed cell populations (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, 6%), and B and natural killer (NK) cells (1%). Most of the studies focused on toxicity and biocompatibility, while mechanistic insights on the effect of carbon nanotubes on immune cells are generally lacking. Only very recently high-throughput gene-expression analyses have shed new lights on unrecognized effects of carbon nanomaterials on the immune system. These investigations have demonstrated that some f-CNTs can directly elicitate specific inflammatory pathways. The interaction of graphene with the immune system is still at a very early stage of investigation. This comprehensive state of the art on biocompatible f-CNTs and graphene on immune cells provides a useful compass to guide future researches on immunological applications of carbon nanomaterials in medicine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.