ArticleParasites & vectors2014
Microsatellite analysis supports clonal propagation and reduced divergence of Trypanosoma vivax from asymptomatic to fatally infected livestock in South America compared to West Africa.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Equine trypanosomiasis, a systematic review and meta-analyses: Prevalence, morbidity and mortality.Equine veterinary journal · 2026Pooled it
- Review
- Trypanosomosis byVeterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Pathogenicity and virulence of African trypanosomes: From laboratory models to clinically relevant hosts.Virulence · 2023Review
- Nucleoside analogues for the treatment of animal trypanosomiasis.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Genetic connectivity of trypanosomes between tsetse-infested and tsetse-free areas of Kenya.Parasitology · 2022Article
- A Preliminary Study on the Relationship between Parasitaemia and Cytokine Expression of Peripheral Blood Cells inAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- New insights from Gorongosa National Park and Niassa National Reserve of Mozambique increasing the genetic diversity of Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma vivax-like in tsetse flies, wild ungulates and livestock from East Africa.Parasites & vectors · 2017Article
- Genetic diversity amongJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2017Article
- Field and experimental symptomless infections support wandering donkeys as healthy carriers of Trypanosoma vivax in the Brazilian Semiarid, a region of outbreaks of high mortality in cattle and sheep.Parasites & vectors · 2015Article
- Variant surface glycoproteins from Venezuelan trypanosome isolates are recognized by sera from animals infected with either Trypanosoma evansi or Trypanosoma vivax.Veterinary parasitology · 2015Article
- Population Genetics and Reproductive Strategies of African Trypanosomes: Revisiting Available Published Data.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMechanical transmission of the major livestock pathogen Trypanosoma vivax by other biting flies than tsetse allows its spread from Africa to the New World. Genetic studies are restricted to a small number of isolates and based on molecular markers that evolve too slowly to resolve the relationships between American and West African populations and, thus, unable us to uncover the recent history of T. vivax in the New World.
methodsT. vivax genetic diversity, population structure and the source of outbreaks was investigated through the microsatellite multiloci (7 loci) genotype (MLGs) analysis in South America (47isolates from Brazil, Venezuela and French Guiana) and West Africa (12 isolates from The Gambia, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Benin and Nigeria). Relationships among MLGs were explored using phylogenetic, principal component and STRUCTURE analyses.
resultsAlthough closely phylogenetically related, for the first time, genetic differences were detected between T. vivax isolates from South America (11 genotypes/47 isolates) and West Africa (12 genotypes/12 isolates) with no MLGs in common. Diversity was far greater across West Africa than in South America, where genotypes from Brazil (MLG1-6), Venezuela (MLG7-10) and French Guiana (MLG11) shared similar but not identical allele composition. No MLG was exclusive to asymptomatic (endemic areas) or sick (outbreaks in non-endemic areas) animals, but only MLGs1, 2 and 3 were responsible for severe haematological and neurological disorders.
conclusionsOur results revealed closely related genotypes of T. vivax in Brazil and Venezuela, regardless of endemicity and clinical conditions of the infected livestock. The MLGs analysis from T. vivax across SA and WA support clonal propagation, and is consistent with the hypothesis that the SA populations examined here derived from common ancestors recently introduced from West Africa. The molecular markers defined here are valuable to assess the genetic diversity, to track the source and dispersion of outbreaks, and to explore the epidemiological and pathological significance of T. vivax genotypes.
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