SynthesisBMC pediatrics2014
Too many crying babies: a systematic review of pain management practices during immunizations on YouTube.
Synthesis in BMC pediatrics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Artificial intelligence in pediatric pain: a systematic review.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Pooled it
- Sweet tasting solutions for reduction of needle-related procedural pain in children aged one to 16 years.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Review
- The effect of maternal voice and non-nutritional sucking on repeated procedural pain of heel prick in neonates: a quasi-experimental study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Pain management in infant immunisation: A cross-sectional survey of UK primary care nurses.Primary health care research & development · 2023Article
- Perspectives of nurses regarding pain assessment and management during routine infant vaccination in Ghana.Nursing open · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of parental education about pain in the neonatal period on knowledge, attitudes, and practices: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Paediatrics & child health · 2022Review
- The Internet Knows More Than My Physician: Qualitative Interview Study of People With Rare Diseases and How They Use Online Support Groups.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Article
- Assessment of perceived distress due to nasopharyngeal swab collection in healthy Indian infants participating in a clinical trial.Paediatric & neonatal pain · 2021Article
- Future roles of artificial intelligence in early pain management of newborns.Paediatric & neonatal pain · 2021Review
- Implementation Effectiveness of a Parent-Directed YouTube Video ("It Doesn't Have To Hurt") on Evidence-Based Strategies to Manage Needle Pain: Descriptive Survey Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2020Article
- Pain neuroscience education on YouTube.PeerJ · 2019Article
- Comparative Survey of Holding Positions for Reducing Vaccination Pain in Young Infants.Pain research & management · 2017Article
- Article
- Face-based automatic pain assessment: challenges and perspectives in neonatal intensive care units.Jornal de pediatriaReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEarly childhood immunizations, although vital for preventative health, are painful and too often lead to fear of needles. Effective pain management strategies during infant immunizations include breastfeeding, sweet solutions, and upright front-to-front holding. However, it is unknown how often these strategies are used in clinical practice. We aimed to review the content of YouTube videos showing infants being immunized to ascertain parents' and health care professionals' use of pain management strategies, as well as to assess infants' pain and distress.
methodsA systematic review of YouTube videos showing intramuscular injections in infants less than 12 months was completed using the search terms "baby injection" and "baby vaccine" to assess (1) the use of pain management strategies and (2) infant pain and distress. Pain was assessed by crying duration and pain scores using the FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) tool.
resultsA total of 142 videos were included and coded by two trained individual viewers. Most infants received one injection (range of one to six). Almost all (94%) infants cried before or during the injections for a median of 33 seconds (IQR = 39), up to 146 seconds. FLACC scores during the immunizations were high, with a median of 10 (IQR = 3). No videos showed breastfeeding or the use of sucrose/sweet solutions during the injection(s), and only four (3%) videos showed the infants being held in a front-to-front position during the injections. Distraction using talking or singing was the most commonly used (66%) pain management strategy.
conclusionsYouTube videos of infants being immunized showed that infants were highly distressed during the procedures. There was no use of breastfeeding or sweet solutions and limited use of upright or front-to-front holding during the injections. This systematic review will be used as a baseline to evaluate the impact of future knowledge translation interventions using YouTube to improve pain management practices for infant immunizations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.