ArticleBMC infectious diseases2014
Impact of maternal HIV-1 viremia on lymphocyte subsets among HIV-exposed uninfected infants: protective mechanism or immunodeficiency.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Meta-analysis Assessing Diarrhea and Pneumonia in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Compared With HIV-Unexposed Uninfected Infants and Children.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Pooled it
- Analysis of the TCR Repertoire in HIV-Exposed but Uninfected Infants.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Socio-ecological Determinants of Detectable Viremia among Pregnant People Living with HIV in South Brazil: The Role of Stimulant Use Disorder and Homelessness.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Disturbances in the IgG Antibody Profile in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants Associated with Maternal Factors.Journal of immunology research · 2024Article
- HIV-exposed uninfected infants' immune defects: From pathogen sensing, oxidative burst to antigens responses.iScience · 2023Review
- Review
- Human immunodeficiency virus and antiretroviral therapy-mediated immune cell metabolic dysregulation in children born to HIV-infected women: potential clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Immunopathogenesis in HIV-associated pediatric tuberculosis.Pediatric research · 2022Review
- T-Cell Homeostatic Imbalance in Placentas From Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Absence of Vertical Transmission.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Impaired T helper cell responses in human immunodeficiency virus-exposed uninfected newborns.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2021Article
- Mortality and Loss to Follow-Up Among HIV-Exposed Infants After Option BFrontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- The University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences (UZ-CHS) BIRTH COHORT study: rationale, design and methods.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- HIV in pregnancy: Identification of intrapartum and perinatal HIV exposures.Paediatrics & child health · 2019Review
- Protecting the health of our AIDS-free generation: beyond prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Article
- B and T Cell Phenotypic Profiles of African HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants: Associations with Antibody Responses to the Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Phenotypically resembling myeloid derived suppressor cells are increased in children with HIV and exposed/infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.European journal of immunology · 2017Article
- Impact of HIV-1 infection on the feto-maternal crosstalk and consequences for pregnancy outcome and infant health.Seminars in immunopathology · 2016Review
- HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants Show Robust Memory B-Cell Responses in Spite of a Delayed Accumulation of Memory B Cells: an Observational Study in the First 2 Years of Life.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2016Observational
- Delayed acquisition of Plasmodium falciparum antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell responses in HIV-exposed uninfected Malawian children receiving daily cotrimoxazole prophylaxis.Malaria journal · 2016Article
- White Matter Microstructural Integrity and Neurobehavioral Outcome of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Neonates.Medicine · 2016Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundReports of increased morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases among HIV Exposed Uninfected (HEU) infants have raised concern about a possible underlying immunodeficiency among them. The objective of this study was to assess the immunological profile of HEU infants born to mothers exhibiting different levels of HIV-1 viremia at the time of delivery.
methodsStudy subjects were enrolled in the Centre maternel et infantile sur le SIDA (CMIS) mother-child cohort between 1997 and 2010 (n =585). Infant CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell and CD19+ B cell counts were assessed at 2 and 6 months of age, and compared among HEU infants in groups defined by maternal viral load (VL) at the time of delivery (VL < 50 copies/ml, VL 50-1000 copies/ml, and VL > 1000 copies/ml) in a multivariable analysis.
resultsAt 2 months of age, infants born to mothers with VL > 1000 copies/ml had lower CD4+ T cell counts compared to those born to mothers with VL < 50 copies/ml at the time of delivery (44.3% versus 48.3%, p = 0.007, and 2884 vs. 2432 cells/mm3, p = 0.02). These differences remained significant after adjusting for maternal and infant antiretroviral drug use, gender, race and gestational age, and persisted at 6 months of age. There were no differences in CD8+ T cell count or absolute CD19+ B cell count between groups, though higher CD19+ B cell percentage was seen among infants born to mothers with VL > 1000 copies/ml.
conclusionsThese results suggest that exposure to high levels of HIV-1 viremia in utero, even in the absence of perinatal transmission, may affect the infant's developing immune system. While further work needs to be done to confirm these findings, they reinforce the need for optimal treatment of HIV infected pregnant women, and careful follow-up of HEU infants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.